山西省高粱种质资源收集鉴定与利用评价

山西是种植高粱较多的省份之一,长期的种植和选择,形成了遗传基础丰富的资源材料。建国以来到目前为止,山西省共收集、保存、鉴定和编目入库3 298份资源材料,占全国高粱资源总数的18.3%。通过性状和特性鉴定,筛选出一批农艺性状优良的资源材料在生产和高粱育种上普遍应用,如离石黄(离石)、三尺三(汾阳)。一些抗性资源也在高粱抗病虫育种方面发挥了作用。更为重要的是山西省高粱育种专家通过有性杂交进行品种改良,培育出了株高适中、适应性强、产量高的杂交种。晋杂5号(TX3197A×三尺三)就是典型的事例。父本三尺三是山西省汾阳优良的地方品种,配合力高,适应性强。晋杂5号是中国春播晚熟区高粱的主栽杂交种,曾在我国的高粱生产上发挥了重要作用。

Collection,Identification,Uses and Evaluation of Sorghum Germplasm Resources in Shanxi Province

Shanxi was one of provinces where large area of land was cultivated with sorghum.Because of the long-term planting and selection,it has formed rich resources hereditary basis.From the founding of the nation,3298 material were collected,preserved,and stored in our province,making up 18.3 percent of the total national sorghum resources.Through the character and the characteristic appraisal,many resources material,like lishihuang(Lishi)and sanchisan(Fenyang) with fine agronomic characters were useful in the sorghum breeding and production.Some resistance resources has also played important role in sorghum disease and insect resistance breeding.More importantly,some breeding expert had carried on the improvement of varieties through the sexual hybridization,cultivated moderate height and high output hybrid.Jinza 5(TX3197A× sanchisan) was the typical example;the male parent sanchisan was a fine local variety in Fenyang,which had the high combining ability and compatible.Jinza 5 once was the sorghum host hybrid in Chinese spring sowing late-maturing area,had played an essential role in our country's sorghum production.