湘南三种典型红壤生土长期施肥对十字花科作物产量影响

为了全面系统地研究土壤熟化这一相当复杂的过程，寻求适宜的熟化方式，为开发利用红壤丘陵区的各种荒地资源、为生产示范、领导决策提供科学依据，以长期定位试验为基本材料，研究了湘南3种典型红壤生土27年长期施肥对十字花科作物（油菜）产量的影响。结果表明：（1）3种母质以紫色土油菜产量（地上部干物重）为最高（紫色土以NPK处理为最高），四纪红土次之，花岗岩油菜产量为最低（2种母质油菜生长均不好，产量差不多）。（2）3种母质种植油菜（生物产量）均以NPK处理为最高。其次是有机物一稻草处理，CK（不施肥）最低。（3）3种母质种植油菜均表现为：归还处理好于带走处理；（4）据试验收产时（2009年3月25日）发现，四纪红土和花岗岩二种母质的NTK处理（尤其是NPK-T处理）的油菜除靠近水泥梗边行长有部分油菜外（占小区面积20％），小区中间（占小区面积80％）的油菜生长不正常或死亡，产量极低；3种母质共18个小区，只有花岗岩母质的NPK处理长有禾本科植物马唐草，其余16个小区很少或没有；四纪红土NPK处理油菜病害（尤其是小区的中间部分）严重。主要症状：叶片有褐色斑点，尤其以基部老叶严重。

Effect of Long Term Fertilization on Crops Output of Cruciferae in Three Typical Parent Material Soil in South Hunan

influence of 27 years fertilization into soil on erops outputs of Crueiferae (cole) were studied in three typical parent material soils in south Hunan under long-team location test. The results showed that: (1) Among the three types of parent material, the yield of rape (above-ground dry weight) planted in purple soil was the best (NPK treatment was the best in purple soil), quaternary red soil and granitization red soil were followed re-spectively (both of the two types of parent material appeared poorly growth vigor and had a consistent yield). (2) With planting rape in the three types of parent material, NPK treatment could get more harves (biological yield), organic matter-straw treatmemt and CK (no fertilization) were followed resteetively. (3) The result also showed that the effect of planting rape with returned treatment was better than taken treatment. (4) According to the experiment when the rape was harvested (In March 25<'th>, 2009), it was found that the rape with NPK treat-ment, especially with NPK-T treatment in quaternary red soil and in granitization red soil, grew abnormality or dead in the centre of district (80%), which yield was extremely low, but grew better to the remaining(20%) close to the cement ridge. Among the three types of parent material, eighteen districts,Dischaemum Schreb of gramine-ae plants could only grow in granitization red soil with NPK treatment, and the other sixteen districts were little or even no. The rape planted in Quaternary red soil with NPK treatment got disease especially in the centre of the district. The main symptoms: there are some chocolate spot on leaf ,particularly severe on old basal leaves.