拌种防治花生田金针虫药剂筛选及其安全性研究

为了筛选拌种防治沟金针虫Pleonomus canaliculatus(Faldermann)]安全有效的药剂和剂型,通过田间试验及对花生籽粒中农药残留和品质检测,对参试药剂效果和安全性进行评价。结果表明:5%氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂拌种可达到全生长季控制花生田金针虫的危害,防虫、保果效果和产量增加分别为98.53%、97.30%和33.33%,显著高于毒死蜱、吡虫啉、阿维菌素;30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂拌种防虫、保果效果分别为72.18%、79.96%,优于吡虫啉和阿维菌素;吡虫啉70%种子处理可分散粉剂保果防虫效果优于10%微囊悬浮剂;复配剂42%氟虫腈·吡虫啉悬浮剂和16%阿维·毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂防虫、保果和产量增加分别与氟虫腈和毒死蜱相当,无显著差异。所有参试药剂拌种对花生出苗率、花生生长和品质无不良影响,产量增加明显,花生籽粒中农药残留低于国内外农药残留限量。因此,5%氟虫腈悬浮种衣剂是拌种防治花生金针虫安全有效的理想药剂,30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂也可作为拌种防治花生金针虫安全有效的药剂之一。

Screening of pesticides for seed dressing against peanut wireworm Pleonomus canaliculatus (Faldermann) and their safety to peanut

Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) were recorded as one of the serious soil insect pests in peanut field in China. With aim of screening safe and effective seed dressing pesticides for peanut wireworms, Pleonomus canaliculatus (Faldermann), field trials of pesticides with suitable formulation of seed dressing were carried out and their residue in peanut and quality of peanut kernels were also determined to evaluate their efficacy and safety. The results showed that 5% fipronil FSC applied as seed dressing could control peanut wireworm during full growing season, with control efficacy of 98.53%, fruit protecting effects of 97.30%, and yield increment of 33.33%, respectively, significantly higher than those from chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and abamectin applications. The control effect and protecting pods effect of 30% chlorpyrifos CS by seed dressing were 72.18% and 79.96%, respectively, significantly higher than those of imidacloprid and abamectin. The control effect and protecting pod effect of 70% imidacloprid WS were greater than those of 10% imidacloprid CS. The control efficacy, fruit protecting effects as well as yield increase resulted from combination of fipronil imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos abamectin had not yielded significant synergetic difference, compared with those from fipronil and chlorpyrifos treatments.All treatments had no harmful effect on seedling emergence rate, plant growth and quality of peanut, and peanut yield was significantly increased. The pesticide residues of peanut kernel were far below MRL of domestic and international standard. Therefore, 5% fipronil FSC was safe, effective and ideal for seed dressing against peanut wireworm, and 30% chlorpyrifos CS could also be used for peanut wireworm control.