不同灌溉方式和灌水量对棉花冠层叶铃配置的影响

【目的】分析膜下滴灌和传统漫灌对棉花叶铃配置关系的影响,研究膜下滴灌棉花高产原理,寻求增产新途径。【方法】设置膜下滴灌和传统漫灌两种灌溉方式,并设两个灌水量:3 900和6 000 m³/hm²,共4个处理。测定棉花叶面积、光吸收率、干物质累积和棉花产量构成因子等指标,分析不同灌溉方式对棉花叶铃配置关系及产量的影响。【结果】盛铃后期,相比传统漫灌,膜下滴灌棉花叶面积指数高出30.66%,冠层上部叶面积指数维持在2~2.5,中下部在1~1.5,冠层各部位光吸收量均匀;同时不同冠层结铃比例适中,与各层光分布比例耦合良好,有利于光合产物生产。3 900 m³/hm²灌水量下,膜下滴灌棉花相对传统漫灌棉花增产25.07%;而6 000 m³/hm²灌水量下,膜下滴灌棉花相对传统漫灌棉花减产6.74%,过量灌水不利于膜下滴灌棉花产量形成。【结论】相比传统漫灌,膜下滴灌棉花叶铃配置更合理,光合生产力更强,有利于光合产物向生殖器官转运和产量形成

Effects of Irrigation Method and Irrigation Amount on Cotton Crown Leaf Boll Configuration

【Objective】 To explore the effects of drip irrigation under plastic film and traditional flooding irrigation on cotton leaf boll configuration, to clarify the principle of high yield of cotton under plastic film drip irrigation, and to seek new ways to further increase field. 【Method】Two kinds of irrigation methods: drip irrigation under plastic film and traditional flooding irrigation, and two irrigation amounts: 3,900 m³/hm² and 6,000 m³/hm², for a total of 4 treatments. The leaf area, light absorption rate, dry matter accumulation and cotton yield components of cotton were measured, and the effects of different irrigation methods on cotton leaf boll configuration and yield were determined. 【Results】The results showed that in the middle and late growth stages, the leaf area of drip irrigation cotton was 30.66% higher than that of traditional flooding irrigation cotton, and the upper leaf area index of DI-3 cotton was maintained between 2 and 2.5, and the leaf index of DI-3 of the middle and lower parts were between 1 and 1.5. Among them, the light absorption of each part of the canopy is uniform; At the same time, the proportion of boll setting in different crowns was moderate, and the light distribution was well coupled, which was beneficial to the production of photosynthetic products. Under the irrigation of 3,900 m³/hm², the yield of cotton under drip irrigation was 25.07% higher than that of traditional flooding irrigation. Under the irrigation of 6,000 m³/hm², the yield of cotton under drip irrigation was 6.74% lower than that of traditional flooding irrigation. So, it was found that excessive irrigation was not conducive to the formation of drip irrigation cotton yield.【Conclusion】 Compared with traditional flooding irrigation, the leaf boll configuration is more reasonable and the photosynthetic productivity of cotton under film drip irrigation is stronger, which is conducive to the transfer of photosynthetic products to the reproductive organs and the formation of yield.