玛咖不同颜色种子表型性状及活力特性分析

比较分析棕黄色、棕红色和黑色3种颜色玛咖种子的大小、萌发特性、幼苗生长特性和酶活力,探讨3种颜色玛咖种子的表型性状及其与种子活力之间的相关性。结果表明,棕黄色和黑色种子的长、厚、厚宽比、千粒质量、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗苗长、根长、单株鲜质量和干质量、POD活性、脱氢酶活性等性状之间无显著差异,但均显著高于棕红色种子(P<0.05);棕黄色和黑色种子的新鲜不发芽种子数、死种子数和不正常幼苗数均显著低于棕红色种子(P<0.05)。不同颜色玛咖种子的千粒质量与种子的长、厚存在显著正相关(P<0.05),种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均与千粒质量、POD和脱氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明棕黄色和黑色种子活力高于棕红色种子,萌发能力更强。

Phenotypic Traits and Seed Vigor of Maca Seeds with Different Colors

The size, germination, seeding growth and enzyme activity of the brown-yellow, brown-red and black maca (Lepidium meyenii) seeds were analyzed. And the correlation between seed phenotypic traits and seed vigor was studied. The results showed that there were no difference between the traits of the brown-yellow and black seeds, including length, thickness, ratio of width and thickness, kilo-grain weight, germination energy, germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, seedling length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of each plant, POD and dehydrogenase activity; while the traits of both brown-yellow and black seeds were significantly higher than those of the brown-red seeds (P<0.05). The amount of fresh but ungerminated seeds, blind seeds and abnormal seedlings of the brown-yellow and black seeds were remarkably lower than those of the brown-red seeds (P<0.05). The kilo-grain weight had prominently positive correlation with length and thickness (P<0.05). And all the germination energy, germination percentage, germination index, vigor index had strikingly positive correlation with kilo-grain weight, POD and dehydrogenase activity (P<0.01). Therefore, the vigor and germination ability of brown-yellow and black seeds were better than that of brown-red seeds.