天空地一体耕地质量监测移动实验室集成设计

中国粮食需求压力巨大，耕地质量下降会影响粮食质量和安全。现行的耕地质量监测方法因检测时间长、时空信息不足等缺陷难以满足越来越繁重的耕地质量调查监测需求。本研究探讨了适用于耕地质量监测的方法及移动实验室案例，构建了天空地一体耕地质量监测指标体系，搭建了集成卫星遥感、无人机遥感、无线传感器网络和原位速测等技术的移动实验室架构，研发了基于中间件技术的天空地多种监测方法的集成技术；创制了一套天空地一体的耕地质量监测移动实验室，并在耕地提质改造项目区域进行了实地测试，在2 h内完成5个采样点的土壤养分、重金属等13个项目所需指标的现场速测，验证了本研究成果与常规耕地质量监测方法相比监测效率和现场出具结果的能力更强。本研究能够弥补现行耕地质量监测方法的不足之处，并且在监测指标全面性和监测数据时空尺度上都更有优势，能大大提升各级业务部门耕地质量监测的效果，加强耕地管理和保护的能力。

Design of integrated space-air-ground farmland quality monitoring mobile laboratory

China is facing a great challenge with grain demand. Meanwhile, the decline of farmland quality will affect the quality and safety of food. The existing methods of farmland quality monitoring are characterized by a long time period and a lack of detailed spatial information of farmland quality. They could not provide the data that meet the requirements of farmland quality monitoring. This study explored a new methods and mobile laboratory for farmland quality monitoring. A farmland quality monitoring indicator system consisting of the variables or predictors that can be fast measured spatially and temporally was first developed. In this study, a framework which integrated satellite remote sensing monitoring, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) monitoring, wireless sensor network(WSN) monitoring and in situ measurement method into a farmland quality monitoring mobile laboratory was built. This study also explored the integration of remote sensing, UAV, WSN and ground-based monitoring methods through middleware technologies that connect various components of the system. Moreover, this study developed of a farmland quality monitoring mobile laboratory with an optimal design of routines for fast collection of data. A on-site test was carried out in the area of farmland upgrade and reconstruction program, which took less than 2 hours to quick test 13 indicators for 5 sampling points showed higher efficiency and on-site analysis capability compared with traditional farmland quality monitoring method. This study overcame the gaps that currently exist in the traditional farmland quality monitoring methods, realized comprehensive and multi-scale monitoring of farmland quality, promoted the effectiveness of monitoring cultivated land, and enhanced the capacity of farmland management and protection.