种猪场内个体性能测定技术

种猪选育是指通过性能测定，选择表现优异的种猪个体进入核心群，配种后产生后代，并将优秀的遗传品质传给下一代的过程。选育的性状包括质量性状和数量性状。质量性状比较稳定，不易受环境条件的影响；它在群体内的分布是不连续的，杂交后代的个体可以进行明确分组，从而可以计算杂交子代各组个体的比率。数量性状易受环境的影响，在群体内的分布是连续的，它受微效多基因影响，也可能其中有主（效）基因。研究选择的性状大多属于具有经济价值的数量性状，品种选育就是一个加性效应的积累和促使对经济性状有利的基因纯合的过程。本文将从种猪性能测定的重要性出发，介绍种猪场内个体性能测定的技术，以期为种猪选育提供参考。

Techniques of pig performance test in breeding pig farm

Swine selective breeding is the process of selecting superior genetic pigs into nuclear herd, selective mating and offspring production, and delivery of the genetic merit to next generation. The selection traits include quality traits and quantitative traits. Quality traits are more stable and not easily influenced by environmental condition. Quality traits are distributed in the herd discontinuously, therefore the hybrid progenies can be grouped by genotypes and the frequencies of different individuals of genotypes can be calculated. Quantitative traits are prone to be influenced by environment and distributed in the herd continuously, which are controlled by minor multiple genes, perhaps major effect gene. Most of selected traits are quantitative traits with economical value. Selective breeding is a process including accumulation of additive effects and purification of advantageous genes with economical values. This article would like to make an introduction of techniques of performance test for breeding swine, in order to provide references for pig breeding.