不同红掌杂交组合F1代重要形态性状的遗传分析

为了探究红掌杂交后代重要性状的遗传规律,将红掌盆花品种‘粉冠军’‘紫公主’‘骄阳’分别与红掌切花品种‘卫城’‘欢呼’‘热情’配成了3组杂交组合,对F₁代的株高、佛焰苞长、肉穗花序长等15个重要观赏性状进行了统计分析。结果表明：F₁代平均株高、佛焰苞长、佛焰苞宽、左耳心距、右耳心距、肉穗花序长、肉穗花序粗（顶端、中部和底部）、花梗长、花梗粗、叶柄长、叶柄粗、叶片长、叶片宽杂种优势指数分别为：139.35%、99.65%、107.05%、85.84%、97.55%、103.31%、104.15%、106.28%、107.63%、116.36%、110.36%、142.46%、109.76%、117.90%和128.10%,且有大量超亲个体出现,F₁代整体表现出明显的偏切花遗传,杂种优势明显,但不同组合杂种优势略有不同;聚类分析将15个数量性状聚类分析为4大类：1）佛焰苞类,2）肉穗花序类,3）花梗和叶柄类,4）叶片类。相关性分析发现,各类组内性状相关性极显著,不同类组性状间相关性减弱或不相关。综上表明：红掌杂交F₁代各表型性状分离广泛,具有丰富变异性,可根据育种目标对所需性状进行定向选择,有效地提高育种效率。

Genetic Analysis of Key Morphological Characters in Different Cross Combinations of Anthurium Cultivars

The inheritance of fifteen important traits of Anthurium andraeanum Linden was investigated among the F₁ progenies of three crosses between pot- and cut-cultivars, ‘Pink champion’ X ‘Acropolis’, ‘Purple Princess’ X ‘Cheers’, ‘Sierra’ X ‘Tropical’, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the mid-parent value of average plant height, spathe length, spathe width, left ear distance, right ear distance, spadix length, spadix diameter, pedicel length, pedicel diameter, petiole length, petiole diameter, leaf length, leaf width in F₁ generation was 139.35%, 99.65%, 107.05%, 85.84%, 97.55%, 103.31%, 104.15%, 106.28%, 107.63%, 116.36%, 110.36%, 142.46%, 109.76%, 117.90% and 128.10%, respectively, and a large number of transgressive individuals appeared. The hybrids showed obvious inheritance tendency of cut anthurium cultivars. The heterosis was obvious, even the levels were slightly different among crosses. The 15 quantitative characters were clustered into 4 classes: 1) spathe, 2) spadix, 3)pedicel and petiole, and 4) leaf. The correlation analysis showed that the traits in same class were correlated very significantly, while the traits among different groups was weak or irrelevant. In all, the morphological characters of F₁ progenies were separated extensively and showed an abundant genetic diversity, which would facilitate directive breeding in anthurium with high efficiency.