森林火灾损失分类方法和评估指标评述

构建合理的损失分类方法才能采用科学的评估指标进行森林火灾损失评估。本文在研究国内外关于森林火灾损失分类评估体系的基础上,结合相关学科的知识,引入＂系统＂的概念,重新提出森林火灾损失的术语和具体的损失分类方法。新的损失分类方法体系共三级,其中一级分类为固有性系统损失、注入补偿性系统损失和效应性系统损失;二级分类为固有生物量损失、固有非生物量损失、趋利注入性损失、避害补偿性损失、社会效益损失和生态效益损失。新的术语和分类方法着力对森林火灾重要损失做全面统计,避免漏估和重复估计,为日后科学、合理和有效的森林火灾损失评估提供基础依据。

Review of Forest Fire Damage Assessment Index and Classification Methods

Reasonable classification of forest fire damage is the basis of conducting effective forest fire damage assessment. The calculation results should be significantly different due to the use of different assessment methods at home and abroad,which hinders economic compensation and cooperation. This paper introduces the concept of＂system＂and puts forward new terms concerning forest fire loss and concrete forest loss classification methods on the basis of studying the classification of forest fire loss. The new loss classification system consists of three levels. The first level consists of the inherent loss,compensatory loss,and effective loss. The second level consists of inherent biomass loss,inherent abiotic loss,profit-oriented loss,harm-avoiding loss,social benefits and ecological benefits loss. New terms and classification methods will focus on making a thorough and overall statistical analysis of forest fire loss and avoiding duplicate and missed estimation which aims at laying a foundation for the scientific,rational and effective estimation of forest fire loss in the future.