菜园土壤有机污染物修复技术综述

为实现无公害蔬菜生产和蔬菜种植业的可持续发展,总结了我国蔬菜农田的农药、农膜、化肥等有机物污染情况,介绍了土壤物理修复技术(热脱附技术和土壤蒸汽浸提技术)、土壤化学修复技术(土壤淋洗技术、氧化-还原技术、光催化降解技术)、土壤生物修复技术(植物、动物和微生物修复技术)及土壤联合修复技术;其中,物理修复技术见效快且处理效果较好,但其成本高昂,不适合用于修复大面积污染的土地;化学修复技术操作较为简单且可以处理更深层的土壤,但化学修复只适于修复小面积土壤且容易破坏土壤;而生物修复具有成本低、绿色无污染等优势,但需解决耗时长、修复效率低等问题;因此,增加有机污染物生物有效性、提高修复效率、缩短修复周期成为土壤修复的研究热点。未来,要研究出多种土壤修复技术,并开发适用范围广且经济高效的配套栽培技术,而生物炭作为土壤改良剂,可改善土壤环境、修复污染土壤,将成为农业和环境保护领域的研究热点之一。

Review on Remediation Technology of Organic Pollutants in Vegetable Soil

Abstract: In order to realize the sustainable development of pollution-free vegetable production and vegetable planting, the pollution status of pesticides, agricultural films, fertilizers and other organic matter in vegetable farmland in China was summarized. Soil physical remediation technology (thermal desorption technology and soil steam extraction technology), soil chemical remediation technology (soil leaching technology, oxidation-reduction technology and photocatalytic degradation technology), soil bioremediation technology (plant, animal and microbial remediation technology) and soil joint remediation technology were introduced. Among them, physical remediation technology was fast and effective, but its cost was high, so it was not suitable for remediation of large-scale polluted soil. Chemical remediation technology was relatively simple and could deal with deeper soil, but it was only suitable for remediation of small area of soil and easy to damage soil. Bioremediation had advantages of low-cost, green and pollution-free, but it needed to solve the problems of long-term and low remediation efficiency. Therefore, increasing the bioavailability of organic pollutants, improving the remediation efficiency and shortening the remediation cycle had become the research hotspots of soil remediation. In the future, it will be necessary to develop a variety of soil remediation technologies and its matching cultivation technologies that were widely available, economic and efficient. As a soil conditioner, biochar can improve the soil environment and repair the contaminated soil, which will become one of the research hotspots in the field of a griculture and environmental protection.