基于登记用量分析我国四大主粮作物田除草剂的登记现状

为除草剂合理减施提供数据参考，本研究于2019年7月3日自中国农药信息网查询我国四大主粮作物——小麦、水稻、玉米和马铃薯登记的除草剂，并对这4种作物田登记除草剂单剂（含原药）及混剂的条目数量进行整体分析，并对所有单剂有效成分以及不同剂型的登记条目数量进行分析，筛选出高用量单剂有效成分，分别从剂型和防治对象上进行用量分析，再将用量最高的4种有效成分、3种作物和3种防治对象进行组合，对已登记的组合进行用量分析。结果显示：有效成分用量最大值、均值和范围排序均依次为水稻田、小麦田、玉米田和马铃薯田，并选出15种高用量单剂有效成分，其中2甲4氯钠、2，4-滴钠盐、苯磺隆、丙草胺、丁草胺、2，4-滴二甲胺盐和2甲4氯二甲胺盐等存在用量差异大、异常高值点多的问题；登记除草剂单剂有效成分用量最高的剂型为可溶粉剂，用量最高的防治对象为阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草；2甲4氯钠-水稻-阔叶杂草和2甲4氯钠-水稻-莎草科杂草组合用量差异大且离群高值点多，究其原因可能与剂型、厂家有关。为减少除草剂用量，建议在最低有效剂量研究基础上，选择有效成分用量较低的除草剂品种。

Analysis of the recommended dosage of herbicides registered in the fields of four staple food crops in China

In order to provide scientific data for the reduction of herbicides, the information of herbicides registered on China Pesticide Registration Information Website in the fields of four staple food crops-wheat, paddy, corn and potato fields in China were inquired on July 3, 2019. In this paper, the quantity of single herbicides (including technical products) and mixtures registered on four staple food crops were analyzed, and the quantity of single herbicides and formulations were also analyzed. Moreover, the active ingredients with high dosages were selected and analyzed in terms of formulation and control target. Finally, four active ingredients, three crops and three control targets with the largest dosage were selected as possible combinations for further analysis. The results showed that the highest dosage, mean dosage and dosage range of single herbicides were as followed:paddy field > wheat field > corn field > potato field; 15 active ingredients with high dosages were selected and the potential problems, large recommended dosage differences and abnormal high value points, were found in MCPA-sodium, 2,4-D-sodium, tribenuron-methyl, pretilachlor, butachlor, 2,4-D dimethyl amine salt, and MCPA-dimethyl amine salt; the highest active ingredient dosage of single herbicides was observed in the formulation of water soluble powder and for the control targets of broadleaf weeds and Cyperaceae weeds. There were obvious problems, large recommended dosage differences and abnormal high value points in the combinations of MCPA-sodium+rice+broadleaf weeds and MCPA-sodium+rice+Cyperaceae weeds, which were attributed to the differences of formulations and companies. In order to reduce the dosage of herbicides, it is suggested that the herbicide varieties with lower dosages of active ingredients should be used based on the study of the minimum effective dose of herbicides.