不同地膜覆盖对土壤环境及芋艿生长的影响

为探讨不同地膜覆盖对作物生长及土壤地力、污染物残留的影响，应用3种不同地膜覆盖处理（普通白色非降解地膜F、黑色全生物降解地膜H、棕色全生物降解地膜Z）及无地膜对照（CK）种植芋艿，对苗期土温、芋艿产量和土壤中养分、微塑料、邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）类塑化剂等进行分析研究。结果表明：不同地膜覆盖处理均可提高芋艿产量10.20%~29.61%，顺序为F > H > Z > CK；收获期时，F处理地膜剩余量最高，Z处理中地膜崩解较H处理快；不同地膜覆盖处理均存在微塑料和PAEs残留，但差异不显著，微塑料含量为260~393个·kg^-1（干质量），PAEs含量为0.87~1.17 mg·kg^-1。研究表明，全生物降解地膜能有效减少土壤白色污染，且黑色全生物降解地膜增产效果优于棕色全生物降解地膜。

Effects of different mulching films on soil environment and taro growth

In order to investigate the effects of different mulching films on crop growth, soil fertility, and pollutant residues, three different mulching treatments (white non-degradable mulching, F; black degradable mulching, H; brown degradable mulching, Z)and non-mulching (CK)were applied to taro plants. Surface soil temperature at the seedling stage, taro yield, and nutrient, microplastic, and phthalate ester (PAE)content of soil were analyzed. The results showed that the application of mulching film increased taro yield by 10.20%~29.61%, in the order of F > H > Z > CK. The residue of mulching film was the highest in F treatment. Moreover, the disintegration rate in Z treatment was faster than that in H treatment. Both microplastic and PAE residues were detected in all mulching treatments, but the difference across treatments was not significant. Microplastic and PAE content was in the range of 260~393 n·kg^-1 (dry weight)and 0.87~1.17 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In conclusion, biodegradable mulching films can effectively reduce white pollution of soil. Black degradable mulch is better than brown degradable mulch in terms of increasing taro yield.