自然保护地管理有效性评估方法综述

自然保护地管理有效性评估已经成为提高生态系统保护和管理效果、减缓生物多样性丧失的关键过程。文中对自然保护地管理有效性评估的主要评估框架、评估指标和评价方法等进行了比较。其中，由于管理目标和国情的差异，不同管理有效性评估的评估框架和指标体系区别明显。管理有效性评价方法主要包括基于打分的评价法、基于证据的认证法。在多种管理目标的自然保护地体系下，提出我国应建立符合不同类型保护地管理目标的管理有效性评估框架和指标体系，并将管理有效性评价作为自然保护地过程管理、科学研究的重要内容，探索科学合理的评价方法。

Assessment Methods for the Protected Area Management Effectiveness

The management effectiveness assessment of protected area has become a key process for improving the effect of ecosystem conservation and management and mitigating the biodiversity loss. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the evaluation framework, evaluation index and evaluation method for the management effectiveness evaluation of protected area. There are obviously differences among the evaluation frameworks and indicator systems of management effectiveness evaluation due to the differences in management objectives and national conditions. The management effectiveness evaluation methods mainly include scoring-based evaluation method and evidence-based verification method. Under a multi-objective protected area management system, it proposes that China should establish different management effectiveness evaluation frameworks and index systems in accordance with the management objectives of different types of protected area. Moreover, the management effectiveness evaluation should be taken as an important part of process management and scientific research of protected area to explore scientific and reasonable evaluation method.