Environmental impact assessment of open field and greenhouse strawberry production |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 2, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8780, USA;2. Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila 25315, Mexico,;3. Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile;1. NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;2. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;1. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;2. Institution of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;3. International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;1. Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Haman 637-812, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Horticulture, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea;1. Technical University Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Research Department Plant Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany;2. Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Industrial & Forage Plants, 41335 Larisa, Greece |
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| Abstract: | A cradle-to-farm-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) study is conducted for open-field (OF) and greenhouse (GH) strawberry cultivation in Guilan province, Iran. The initial data including input materials and energy inputs exercised during production season was collected from 33 greenhouse holders and 77 farmers in the studied region. Data for the production of used inputs were taken from the EcoInvent®2.0 database, and SimaPro software was employed to analyze primary data. Ten impact categories including Abiotic Depletion potential (AD), Acidification potential (AC), Eutrophication potential (EU), Global Warming potential for time horizon 100 years (GW), Ozone Depletion potential (OD), Human Toxicity potential (HT), Freshwater and Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity potential (FAET and MAET), Terrestrial Ecotoxicity potential (TE), and Photochemical Oxidation potential (PhO) were selected based on CML 2 baseline 2000 V2/world, 1990/characterization method. One ton of produced strawberries was chosen as the functional unit. The evaluations of the study indicated that OF production system in all selected impact categories was more environmentally profitable than GH production system except AC and EU. Based on the results electricity, natural gas and N-based fertilizers in both production stage and application in GH strawberry production produced the most environmental burdens. Moreover, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) were compared to model environmental indices of strawberry production on the basis of input materials. The results revealed that ANFIS models due to employing fuzzy rules are able to predict ten environmental indices with minimum error and the highest accuracy. |
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| Keywords: | LCA Strawberry production Environment Prediction |
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