氮肥运筹对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

以北方超级稻沈农265为材料,研究了氮肥运筹对水稻产量形成及氮素利用率的影响.结果表明:施纯氮210kg/hm2,且基蘖肥与穗粒肥比为6∶4时,由于单位面积有效穗数较其他处理提高2.4％～21.1％,致使产量提高3.3％～20.2％;同一基蘖肥与穗粒肥施用比例下,随施氮量的增加,沈农265的总吸氮量呈上升趋势,而氮素利用率有下降趋势;不同施氮量条件下,穗粒肥比例增加有利于总吸氮量和氮素利用率的提高;适宜施氮量和基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例,能为水稻整个生育期提供比较平衡的氮素供应,提高氮肥利用效率,协调产量构成因素,从而提高产量,节本增效.

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice

The super rice Shennong 265 was used to study the effects of nitrogen application on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that: when nitrogen application is 210 kg/hm2 and the ratio of basic tiller fertilizer and ear granular fertilizer was 6∶ 4,the effective panicle per unit area increased 2.4%~21.1% compared with other treatment,and the yield increased by 3.3%~20.2%;total nitrogen showed an increasing tendency while nitrogen utilization became lower with the amount of nitrogen increasing;the increasing of ear granular fertilizer promoted the total nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency under different nitrogen application;Suitable amount of nitrogen and ear granular fertilizer could provide a balanced nitrogen supply for whole rice growth stage,improve nitrogen use efficiency so as to enhance the yield and reduce cost.