高效功能陶粒生物滤池处理农村生活污水研究

利用粉煤灰、锯末和铁矿石等废弃物，经造粒和高温烧结，自行开发了两种高效功能陶粒，并将其与沸石以“砖墙”式嵌套填充，构筑了高效功能陶粒生物滤池。采用该生物滤池，研究对农村生活污水（COD：200mg·L^-1，NH3-N：20mg·L^-1，TP：4．0mg·L^-1）的深度脱氮除磷作用。结果表明，高效功能陶粒具有表面粗糙，比表面积大，机械强度高，耐酸碱性能好和无重金属溶出等优点。该生物滤池上下部分分别形成好氧区和厌氧区，从而达到深度脱氮除磷效果。在水力停留时间（HRT）为2．15～5．73h，水力负荷为2．8—7．5m^3·m^-2·d^-1时，两个生物滤池对氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）和化学需氧量（COD）均具有很好的去除效果，两个功能陶粒生物滤池的去除率分别达到83．6％-98．3％、89．1％～99．7％和84．4％-95．2％，优于普通生物滤池。

A High Efficient Multi-Function Ceramic Bio-filter for Treating Rural Domestic Sewage

A high efficient multi-function ceramic bio-fiher （MFCB） was used to treat rural domestic sewage with concentrations of COD 200mg·L^-1, NH3-N 20 mg·L^-1, and TP4.0 mg·L^-1. Two kinds of Muhi-Function Ceramic （MFC） made by our experiment Consist of fly ashes, sawdust, iron ores, and other solid wastes. They were granulated and sintered during high temperatures, and then filled into the MFCB with zeolite together as the style of ＂brick-wall＂. This MFCB with the sort of ＂brick-wall＂ has three advantages, one for making water distribution uniformity in the bio-filter, second for increasing the contacting time between domestic sewage and MFC, and the last for reducing water current short-circuit and areas of dead-zone in the bio-fiher. Furthermore, the MFCB were divided into an upper aerobic zone and a lower anaerobic zone by aeration tubes in the middle of the bio-filter to obtain a deep removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Our results indicate that high removal efficiencies were obtained by this bio-fiher： 83.6%-98.3% for NH3-N, 84.4%-95.2% for COD, and 89.1%-99.7% for TP with the hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 2.15-5.73 h and the hydraulic loading of 2.8-7.5 m^3·m^-2· d^-1.In addition, it also has the following four advantages： （ 1 ） easy to immobilize biofilm with a roughened surface; （2）improving pollutant removal efficiencies with high Brunauer- Enmet-Teller （BET）of 11.890 2 m^2·g^-1 and the special structures of abundant mesopores and mieropores; （3）high pH resistance and mechanical strength; （4） less or no heavy metals dissolution. Thus, compared to other bio-fihers, this MFCB can apply widely in treatment of rural domestic sewage with relative low construction cost and easy to operation and management.