太湖地区高产水稻生命周期评价

以太湖地区高产水稻典型管理措施为例，应用生命周期评价方法，以生产1t水稻为评价的功能单元，把水稻生命周期划分为原料阶段、农资阶段和种植阶段进行清单分析与影响评价，考虑了能源消耗、水资源消耗、温室效应、环境酸化和富营养化5种环境影响类型。结果表明，太湖地区高产水稻生命周期环境影响潜力大小依次是水资源消耗、富营养化、温室效应、环境酸化和能源消耗，环境影响指数分别为1．45、0．54、O．52、0．32和0．05，环境影响综合指数为0．54。降低稻田水肥投入，提高水分和养分生产效率是控制太湖地区水稻生产体系生命周期环境影响的关键，它在直接减少种植环节资源消耗与污染排放的同时，也间接减轻了上游生产环节的环境影响，从而减缓生命周期的环境影响。

Life Cycle Assessment of High-yielding Rice in Taihu Region

In this study, a life cycle assessment （LCA）method was used to examine the environmental impact of the rice production system in Taihu region. The LCA considered the entire system, which was required to produce 1 ton each of rice. The analysis included raw material ex- traction and transportation, agrochemical production and transportation, and arable farming in the field. First, all emissions and resource con- sumption connected to the different processes were listed in a life cycle inventory（LCI）and related to a common unit（ 1 ton of grain ）.Then a life cycle impact assessment（ LCIA ） was conducted, in which the inventory data were aggregated into indicators for environmental effects, in- cluding energy depletion, water depletion, climate change, acidification and aquatic eutrophication. The result showed that the significance of environmental impacts followed by water depletion, aquatic eutrophication, global warming, acidification and energy depletion, with the impact indices of 1.45, 0.54, 0.52, 0.32 and 0.05, respectively. The aggregate life cycle environmental impact index was 0.54. As such, to reduce the nitrogenous fertilizer and water consumption as well as to increase their production efficiency were the key points to control the life cycle envi- ronmental impacts of rice production system in Taihu region, which decreased resource consumption and emissions not only directly in arable farming stage but also indirectly in the upstream production stage, so as to reduce life cycle environmental impacts of rice production system.