倒仓破碎对缩短发酵周期后生活垃圾堆肥腐熟度的影响

为了满足日益增长的垃圾处理发展的需要,解决城市生活垃圾产生与消纳、处理之间的矛盾,以北京市南宫堆肥厂垃圾堆肥工艺和密闭隧道发酵仓为研究对象,以马家楼转运站筛分出的15-80mm粒径垃圾作为堆肥原料,以14d高温隧道发酵（不倒仓不破碎）→21d后熟化发酵→21d最终熟化发酵工艺为对照,以8d高温隧道发酵（不倒仓不破碎）→12d后熟化发酵→12d最终熟化发酵工艺为处理1,8d高温隧道发酵（第3d倒仓破碎1次）→12d后熟化发酵→12d最终熟化发酵工艺为处理2。通过不同发酵阶段采样和各类指标的测定,探求缩短堆肥发酵周期后倒仓破碎工艺对于生活垃圾堆肥腐熟度的影响。结果表明,处理1产品的腐熟度较差,处理2与对照处理的堆肥产品腐熟度差异不明显。将高温隧道发酵时间由14d缩短为8d,并且第3d倒仓破碎1次,后熟化与最终熟化时间分别由21d缩短为12d,可以在保证堆肥产品品质的基础上显著提高堆肥效率,使南宫堆肥厂的垃圾处理能力得到大幅提高,该成果为南宫堆肥工艺优化的实施和改进及其推广应用提供了技术支持。

The Effects of Pile Turning and Crushing on Municipal Solid Waste Compost Maturity After Shortening Composting Periods

The contradictions between production and treatment of Municipal Solid Waste （MSW） have been outstanding in China, due to the continually increasing amount of MSW being generated and the limited capacity of waste treatment facilities. Aimed at＇evaluating the influence of shorting composting period and changing tunnels composting technique on compost maturity, based on the Beijing Nangong composting plant case, this study used composting materials 15-80 mm MSW screened out from Majialou transfer station, and compared three different fermentation techniques： （1） Control, 14 days of high temperature fermentation followed by 21 days of post-ripening fermentation and 21 days of terminal-ripening fermentation, no turning or crushing; （2） Run 1, 8 days of high temperature fermentation followed by 12 days of post-ripening fermentation and 12 days of terminal-ripening fermentation, no turning or crushing; and （3） Run 2, 8 days of high temperature fermentation followed by 12 days of post-ripening fermentation and 12 days of terminal-ripening fermentation, turning and crushing on the 3^th day. During composting process, samples were taken and maturity indexes were analyzed, the results showed that the compost from Run 1 was mature though its quality was the worst among these three fermentation techniques, while the difference between the composts from Control and Run 2 was not significant..It suggested that the fermentation technique of decreasing fermentation period with turning and crushing not only could improve the composting efficiency, but also would not reduce the quality of compost, which could provide technical support for applying, improving and popularizing the optimized composting technique of Nangong composting plant.