不同苹果中间砧枝条在越冬期间的生理特性变化及抗寒性比较

以15-1、1号、24-5、ZC9-3、 GM256和SH40苹果中间砧的1年生休眠枝条为试验材料，在越冬过程中，研究测定各苹果中间砧枝条的半致死温度及相关生理指标。利用主成分分析和聚类分析对6种苹果中间砧做出抗寒性综合评价和抗寒性分类。旨在研究各砧木枝条的生理变化规律，筛选出抗寒性强的优良苹果砧木，以期为植物抗性生理机制的研究和苹果抗寒砧木的应用提供理论依据。研究结果表明：6个苹果中间砧枝条的半致死温度与冬季气温变化趋势相同，呈先降低后升高趋势；丙二醛含量、SOD和POD活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量和脯氨酸含量与冬季气温变化趋势相反，呈先升高后降低趋势。结果表明：15-1抗寒性最强，1号和GM256抗寒性较强，SH40和24-5抗寒性中等，ZC9-3抗寒性较弱。

Comparison of physiological characteristics and cold resistance of branches of different apple interstocks during overwintering

The annual dormant branches of apple interstocks 15-1, NO. 1, 24-5, ZC9-3, GM256 and SH40 were used as experimental materials. In the process of overwintering, the half lethal temperature and related physiological indexes of each apple interstocks were measured. The comprehensive evaluation and classification of cold resistance were performed with six apple interstocks using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The purpose is to study the physiological changes of branches of each interstock to select excellent Apple Rootstocks with strong cold resistance, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of physiological mechanism of plant resistance and the application of Apple cold resistant rootstocks. The results showed that, the half lethal temperature of the branches of six apple interstocks displayed the same trend as that of the out-door temperature, which decreased firstly and then increased; the change trend of malondialdehyde content, SOD and POD activity, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and proline content were opposite to the trend of the temperature. Acording to the results, 15-1 demonstrated the strongest cold resistance and NO. 1 and GM256 displayed stronger cold resistance. The cold resistance of ZC9-3is weakest and is lower than SH40 and 24-5.