东北过伐林区林业局级森林生物多样性指标体系研究

保护森林生物多样性是森林可持续经营的主要标准 ,研建森林经营单位级的森林生物多样性指标体系及评价方法是国内外森林可持续经营研究及实践的前沿课题 .为了给我国东北天然过伐林区林业局级实践森林可持续经营提供生物多样性评价指标 ,该文在科学性和可操作性原则指导下 ,采用目标法与专家咨询法相结合的方法 ,研建了一套东北过伐林区林业局级森林生物多样性指标体系和评价方法 .经在汪清林业局试用 ,具有较高的科学性和可操作性 .对汪清林业局测试表明 ,森林生物多样性综合指标值为 6 6 .8,评价结果为中等 .经分析主要是近百年来长期破坏森林造成的结果 ,形成森林自然度降低、破碎化加剧、原始老龄林减少等现状 ,从而造成了森林生物多样性的下降 .根据该指标体系 ,可结合森林经理调查定期监测评价森林经营对区域生物多样性的影响 ,从而调整经营措施以保护森林生物多样性 ,实现森林可持续经营 .

Study on forest biodiversity index system of northeast over-cutting forest region based on forestry bureau level

Protecting forest biodiversity is one standard of sustainable forest management (SFM), and it is an advanced subject to develop forest biodiversity index system based on forest management unit level and its assessment method in the study of SFM at home and abroad. In order to support SFM, in this paper, under the guidance of the principle of science and maneuverability, a forest biodiversity index system based on forestry bureau level and assessment method were proposed with the methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process and Delphi Method. Tested in the Wangqing Forestry Bureau in Jilin Province, northeastern China, it has been proved to be scientific and operable. In that region, the compositive index of forest biodiversity is 66.8 and the assessment result is medium grade. With analysis, it is a result of the long term deforestation, which caused the decrease of forest nature degree, the increase of fragmentations, and the decline in proportion of wild old forests. According to such index system, the management measures can be adjusted to protect biodiversity by periodically monitoring and evaluating the influence of forest management on regional forest biodiversity combined with forest management inventory. This research is of great significance for sustainable forest management practice and lays a basis for further study.