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Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates |
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| Authors: | Mahdi Gheysari Seyed Majid Mirlatifi Mehdi Homaee Gerrit Hoogenboom |
| Institution: | a Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran b Soil Science Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran c Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Agricultural and Natural Research Center of Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran d Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA |
| Abstract: | Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO3) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha−1), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO3-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO3-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha−1, for the 142 kg N ha−1 and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO3 concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l−1, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO3 leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management. |
| Keywords: | AN30 sum of initial NO3-N for the 0-30 cm soil depth N in irrigation water and applied N fertilizer AN60 sum of initial NO3-N for the 0-60 cm soil depth N in irrigation water and N fertilizer Bd bulk density CNC crop N content CSC ceramic suction cup DAP days after planting ET evapotranspiration ETO reference evapotranspiration FC field capacity ID applied water NLIR NO3-N leaching rate NO3-NL30 total NO3-N leached out of 30-cm soil layer NO3-NL60 total NO3-N leached out of the 60-cm soil layer NO3-NL30G NO3-N leached out of the 30-cm soil layer during crop season NU crop nitrogen uptake NUE nitrogen use efficiency P-M Penman-Monteith PWP permanent wilting point SMD soil moisture depletion TN soil initial N plus irrigation water N plus applied fertilizer N |
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