不同微生物菌剂对水稻幼苗形态建成和生理特性的影响

【目的】探讨不同微生物菌剂对水稻幼苗形态建成及生理特性的调控效应，丰富微生物菌剂在调节水稻生长方面的应用研究，同时为水稻的优质高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以常规稻海红12为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，于水稻1叶1心期分别浇灌100 mL浓度均为1%的5种微生物菌剂［短小芽孢杆菌（BP）、红酵母与酿酒酵母混合液（RS）、枯草芽孢杆菌（BS）、纳豆芽孢杆菌（BN）、解淀粉芽孢杆菌（BA）］，以浇灌100 mL清水为对照（CK）。于水稻4叶期取样，对比分析不同微生物菌剂对1叶1心期水稻幼苗灌根后形态特征、超氧阴离子（O₂-·）产生速率、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性蛋白含量的影响。【结果】与CK相比，5种外源菌剂均能促进海红12幼苗生长，显著增加株高、地上部干重、根表面积和根体积（P<0.05，下同），增长率分别为4.9%~18.4%、23.3%~44.2%、44.5%~86.6%和75.0%~175.0%，其中以BN处理效果较佳；BS和BA处理对增加叶片SPAD值的效果较好，但各菌剂处理与CK无显著差异（P>0.05）；BP、BS、BN和BA处理均能不同程度地提高水稻叶片的可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，增长率分别为5.6%~17.8%、61.1%~126.7%、66.1%~117.9%，BP、BS和BN处理的过氧化氢酶酶（CAT）活性分别显著提高17.6%、29.7%、21.6%；BN处理的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性显著提高112.8%，其中BS和BN处理调控效较优；BP、BN和BA处理显著降低叶片MDA含量11.8%~16.6%，O₂-·产生速率在BP和BN处理后显著降低53.2%和42.9%。【结论】微生物菌剂通过增加株高、地上干重、根表面积和根体积显著促进海红12幼苗形态建成，通过提高抗氧化酶活性、降低膜脂过氧化程度、提高可溶性蛋白积累来增强水稻幼苗的代谢水平与抗逆能力。5种菌剂中以纳豆芽孢杆菌的综合调控效果较优。

Effects of different microbial agents on the morphogenesis and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings

【Objective】The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different microbial agents on the morphogenesis and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings，enrich the study of microbial bacterials in rice growth and it also provided theoretical basis for high quality and efficient cultivation of rice.【Method】Rice variety Haihong 12 was employed as the experimental material to conduct pot experiment. The rice seedlings were irrigated with 100 mL of five kinds of microbial bacterials［Bacillus pumilus（BP），Rhodotorula and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixture（RS），B. subtilis （BS），B. natto（BN），B. amyloliquefaciens（BA）］with 1% concentration at 1 leaf /1 heart，100 mL clear water was as control（CK）. The morphological characteristics，superoxide anion production rate（O₂-·），activities of antioxidases，malondialdehyde（MDA）and soluble protein content of Haihong 12 seedlings were studied at the stage of 4 leaves after root irrigation.【Result】The results showed that compared to the CK，five exogenous microbial agents could promote the growth of Haihong 12 seedlings and significantly（P<0.05，the same below）increased the plant height，shoot dry weight，root surface area and root volume of Haihong 12 by 4.9%-18.4%，23.3%-44.2%，44.5%-86.6% and 75.0%-175.0%，respectively， among which BN had the best effect. BS and BA were better for SPAD of Haihong 12 seedlings than those treated with other microbial agents，but exogenous microbial agents treatments had no significant difference with CK（P>0.05）. BP， BS，BN and BA treatments could increase the soluble protein content and the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）， peroxidase（POD），the increase reached 5.6%-17.8%，61.1%-126.7%，66.1%-117.9%，respectively. BP，BS and BN treatments could significantly improve the activities of catalase（CAT），the increase reached 17.6%，29.7%，21.6%，respectively. BN treatment could increase improve the activities of ascorbate peroxidase（APX），the increase reached 112.8%， among which BS and BN had a better regulation effect. Furthermore，BP，BN and BA treatments significantly decreased MDA content in leaves，the reduction reached 11.8%-16.6%. O₂-·production rate of leaves treated with BP and BN significantly reduced by 53.2% and 42.9%，respectively.【Conclusion】The promotion effects of microbial agents on morphogenesis of Haihong 12 seedlings might be due to the stimulation on plant height，shoot dry weight，root surface area and root volume，and it results in increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses throughout raising the activities of antioxidant enzymes，reducing the level of membrane lipid peroxidation，and increasing the accumulation of soluble protein. Among the five agents，the comprehensive regulation effect of BN is the best.