不同播期对玉米生长性状和产量的影响

出于探讨播期对玉米生长影响的目的,以京科糯928、京紫糯218、京科甜183为材料,对其进行了不同播期生长性状及产量的研究。结果表明:推迟播期会缩短各品种生育期,减少播种到出苗、出苗到吐丝、吐丝到收获3个生育阶段的天数,使相关生长性状指标下降;适宜的播期内,相比晚播,早播的株高增加,穗位降低。不同品种产量及构成因素在不同播期下表现出差异。京科糯928在5月3日和5月9日的穗粒数、百粒重显著大于(p<0.05)5月16日;在5月3日和5月9日的穗干重极显著大于(p<0.01)5月16日。京紫糯218在5月9日的穗粒数、百粒重极显著大于(p<0.01)5月3日和5月16日。京科糯928的播期与穗干重和产量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.557,r=-0.836),与穗粒数呈显著负相关(r=-0.423),与百粒重呈显著正相关(r=0.441),京科甜183的播期与产量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.857),京科糯928的产量与百粒重呈显著负相关(r=-0.368);京紫糯218的产量与穗粒数呈极显著正相关(r=0.638)。适宜的播期有利于玉米产量的提高。

Effect of Different Sowing Dates on Growth Character and Yield of Maize

To investigate the effect of sowing date on maize growth,"jingkenuo928","jingzinuo218" and "jingketian183"was used as the experimental material, the growth characters and yield of maize were studied. The results showed that as the sowing date was delayed, the growth period of each variety was shortened, the days of growing stage (seeding to emergence, emergence to silking, silking to harvest) was decreased, and the growth character was reduced. The plant height increased and ear position reduced in early sowing date. Yield components of the different varieties existed significant on different sowing dates. Grain number per ear-corn and 100-seed weight for spring-maize sown on May 3 and May 9 were much greater than those sown on May 16 in "jingkenuo928".Grain number per ear-corn and 100- seed weight in "jingzinuo218" for spring-maize sown on May 9 was significantly superior to sown on May 3 and May 16 .The sowing date in "jingkenuo928"was highly significant negative correlation with spike dry weight and yield(r =-0.557, r=-0.836), was significant negative correlation with the grain number per spike(r=-0.423), and was significant positive correlation with 100-seed weight(r=0.441). The sowing date in "jingketian183" was highly significant negative correlation with yield(r=-0.857). Yield in "jingkenuo928" was significant negative correlation with 100-seed weight(r=-0.368).Yield in "jingzinuo218" was highly significant negative correlation with the grain number per spike(r=-0.638). Suitable sowing date is beneficial to the increase of maize yeild.