产纤维素酶真菌的筛选与鉴定

为从秸秆中分离出能够降解纤维的菌株,试验采取秸秆样品接种马铃薯琼脂培养基,在室温环境下培养,取分离菌接种纤维素刚果红琼脂培养基,筛选能形成较大降解圈的细菌,并进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,测定其纤维素酶性质。结果表明,经分子生物学鉴定,筛选菌为黑曲霉菌,该菌在室温环境能够生长,菌株降解圈直径(H)与菌落直径(C)的比值(H/C)为7.64。筛选菌在20 ℃环境下培养5 d酶活达到最高值,为42.18 U/mL。纤维素酶最适pH为7.0,最适反应温度为20 ℃,在20~40 ℃或pH 6.0~8.0环境下作用1 h,相对酶活力仍保持在90%以上。综上所述,本试验分离的黑曲霉菌株是低温产纤维素酶菌株,产酶能力较强,具有潜在的开发价值。

Screening and Identification of the Cellulase-producing Fungus

In order to isolate the strains which could degrade fiber from the straw,the straw samples were inoculated on the potato agar medium and cultured at room temperature.The isolating strains were inoculated on the cellulose-congo red agar medium,the strains were screened that could produce bigger cellulose-decomposing zone.It was identified by morphological characteristics and molecular biological methods,and characterization of cellulase was analyzed preliminarily.The results showed that the fungus was Aspergillus niger,it could grow at room temperature,and the H/C was 7.64.The highest cellulase activity reached 42.18 U/mL when cultivated at 20 ℃ for 5 days.The optimum pH was 7.0 and the optimum reaction temperature was 20 ℃,the relative cellulase activity still retained above 90% at 20 to 40 ℃ or pH 6.0 to 8.0 for 1 h.The Aspergillus niger was a cold-adapted cellulaseproducing strain,it had strongger producing cellulase ability,and was tremendous potential valuable for microbial development.