饲料中添加甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)块根与茎蔓对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)配合饲料中添加不同比例(10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％)的甘薯块根粉与甘薯茎蔓粉,测定了添加2种甘薯饲料成分对刺参生长和非特异性免疫力的影响.结果显示,在50 d实验期间,投喂添加甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组刺参平均体重随实验时间呈上升趋势,实验结束时,添加20％甘薯块根粉组终末体重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),10％、30％组特定生长率(SGR)与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);投喂添加10％甘薯茎蔓粉的实验组刺参SGR与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),其余各组SGR均低于对照组(P＜0.05).投喂添加10％、20％甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组刺参体腔液中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);投喂添加10％甘薯茎蔓粉饲料的实验组ACP显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),刺参体腔液中的溶菌酶(LZM)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、CAT和AKP与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).研究表明,当甘薯块根与茎蔓的添加比例分别在30％和20％以下时,可满足刺参的营养需求,促进或保证刺参的生长,提高刺参免疫能力.

Effects of Dietary Tuber and Stem of Sweet Potato on Growth and Non-Specific Immunity of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

In recent years, with the expansion of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) aquaculture, the demand for seaweed as its diet is increasing, resulting in the continuous increase in the price of macroalgae, i.e. sargassum. Therefore, researchers are seeking for an alternative plant based diet with large quantity and relatively low cost that can feed sea cucumber. In this study, formulated diets containing tuber or stem powder of sweet potato with 6 different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) were fed to sea cucumbers [weight (25.6±1.4) g] to study the effects of two feedstuffs on growth and non-specific immune enzyme activities of sea cucumber. The basal diet (16% crude protein and 5% crude lipid) was used as control. The results showed that during a 50-days experiment, the average body weight of sea cucumber fed with tuber powder of sweet potato increased as time went on. At the end of the experiment, 20% of tuber powder inclusion significantly improved the specific growth rate (SGR) compared with the control (P<0.05), and the SGR of 10% and 30% tuber powder inclusion was not significantly different from the control (P>0.05). By contrast, the SGR of sea cucumber fed with stem powder of sweet potato in 10% group was not significantly different from the control (P>0.05), while other groups were significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). The catalase(CAT), acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(AKP) of sea cucumber fed with tuber powder of sweet potato of 10% and 20% groups were significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). The ACP of sea cucumber fed with stem powder of sweet potato of 10% group was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05), while the lysozyme(LZM), CAT, AKP and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) of this group was not significantly different from the control (P>0.05). These results suggested that 30% tuber powder or 20% stem powder (or less) could improve the growth and non-specific immune enzyme activities of sea cucumber.