不同播期与收获期对水稻灌浆期、产量及米质的影响

【目的】明确不同水稻品种(系)的适宜播种时间,确保水稻生产的优质高产。【方法】以6个恢复系及其所配的12个组合为材料,采用4期播种(前后两期间隔6 d),利用二因素两向分组资料无重复观察值模型与最小显著差数测验法(LSD法)方差分析和显著性比较,研究不同播期对籽粒产量、灌浆期、加工品质和外观品质的影响,以及成熟后推迟收获对碾米品质和外观品质的影响。【结果】不同播期的恢复系糙米率有显著差异,随着播期的推迟糙米率有降低趋势;籽粒产量、灌浆期、精米率、整精米率、垩白率和垩白度在不同播期间无显著差异。II优组合不同播期间籽粒产量差异不显著,宜香优组合1~3期间籽粒产量差异不显著,第4期显著减少;不同播期对杂交稻的碾米品质和外观品质影响较大,推迟播种会降低糙米率、垩白率和垩白度,但对精米率和整精米率影响不显著。第4期推迟收获会导致糙米率、垩白率和垩白度增加,精米率和整精米率不同程度降低。【结论】恢复系和杂交稻在川南3月27日后推迟播种,产量有减产趋势,4月上中旬播种产量减少极显著;恢复系和杂交稻谷粒长宽比不受播期影响;杂交稻灌浆期、碾米品质和外观品质受播期的影响比恢复系大;杂交稻成熟后不及时收获会导致稻米加工品质和外观品质变差。

Influence of different sowing date and harvest time on rice filling stage, yield and grain quality

Objective] To study the appropriate sowing time of different rice varieties , and ensure high quality and yield of rice .Method] Six restorer lines and their 12 combinations were used as materials sowed on four dates (6 d intervals).The two-factor two-data without repeated observation model and LSD test were used to analyze differences of grain yield , grain filling stage , processing quality and appearance quality among different sowing dates and harvest periods .Result] Sowing date significantly influenced brown rice rate of restorer line and had no significant effects on grain yield , grain filling period , milled rice rate, head milled rice rate , chalkiness rate and chalkiness .There was no significant difference among grain yields of II-you combinations sowed on different dates .Yixiangyou combinations were signifi-cantly influenced at the 4th period, but weren’ t at the 1st-3rd period.Sowing date significantly influ-enced rice milling and appearance quality of hybrid combinations .Sowing delay reduced the brown rice rate, chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree , but didn’s influence the total milled rice rate and head rice rate.Harvesting delay increased the brown rice rate , chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree , but reduced the total milled rice rate and head rice rate at the 4th period.Conclusion] After March 27, sowing delay significantly decreased yield of restorer lines and hybrid combinations in Southern Sichuan Prov-ince , but not the ratio of length to width .The yield most significantly decreased for rice sowed from early to middle of April.Compared with restorer lines , sowing date has more influence on filling stage , rice milling quality and appearance quality of hybrid combinations .Delaying harvest time will cause poor pro-cessing quality and appearance quality of hybrid rice grains .