浙北稻区杂交粳稻与常规粳稻优势比较分析

目的]为杂交粳稻高产组合的选育及推广提供参考。方法]以2002～2006年嘉兴市杂交晚粳稻与常规晚粳稻区域试验结果为材料,对其性状特点进行比较分析。结果]杂交粳稻组合的分蘖率、株高和每穗粒数与常规粳稻品种相比有较强的竞争优势,但有效穗数少、成穗率和结实率偏低,增产不显著;稻瘟病抗性有了显著提高,但白叶枯病抗性偏差;垩白粒率和透明度有改观,碱消值略降,但其他品质性状与常规粳稻无差异。杂交粳稻组合的分蘖率、生育期、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重等性状与产量呈不同程度的正相关,但株高与产量呈负相关。结论]浙北稻区杂交粳稻高产新组合应朝穗、粒、重兼顾协调的方向发展。

Comparing Analysis on the Superiority of Hybrid Japonica Rice and Conventional Japonica Rice in the Rice Growing Regions of Northern Zhejiang Province

Objective] The aim was to supply references for breeding high-yield combination of hybrid japonica rice and its popularization, Method] With the region test results of hybrid late japonica rice and conventional late japonica rice in Jiaxing city in 2002-2006 as materials, the comparing analyses were conducted on their character specialties. Result] Compared with conventional japonica variety, the tillering rate, plant height and grains per spike of the japonica hybrid combinations had stronger competing superiority, but it had less available spikes, lower panicle setting rate and seed setting rate and no significant in increasing yield. Its blast resistance enhanced significantly, but its bacterial blight resistance was a little weak. Its chalkiness grain rate and transparency got some improvement and alkali spreading value got some decrease, but its other quality characters had no difference to that of conventional japonica rice. The characters of the japonica hybrid combinations such as tillering rate, growing period, grains per spike, seed setting rate and 1000-seed weight had positive relation to the yield to different degrees, but its plant height had negative relation to the yield. Conclusion] The new high-yield combination of hybrid japonica rice in the rice growing regions of northern Zhejiang province should develop into the direction in which the spike, grain and weight should be overall considered.