木材真菌染色研究现状及发展趋势

木材真菌染色是由于真菌侵染而导致材色改变,包括菌纹线、白腐和染色。木材真菌染色可形成特殊肌理和色泽,改善木材的装饰特性,为木质产品的设计带来多样化的塑造空间。作为一种全新、天然的染色方式,真菌染色技术对于木材的美学价值和综合利用率都有较大提高。目前,分析木材真菌染色机理及染色工艺改进是开发真菌染色木材的关键。菌纹线是由于真菌的种间或种内的对抗形成,染色是由于真菌在细胞外部分泌色素或是伴随真菌自身在木材内部的生长形成。笔者从木材真菌染色机理、染色方法、染色条件、真菌染色木材性能等方面综述了木材真菌染色的研究进展。重点介绍了针对不同表现形式的不同染色方法,并对存在的问题进行了分析,提出了后续研究的方向为采用多种真菌的组合运用、环保色素溶剂的筛选、探寻更多的真菌色相用于色素提取方法染色、结合染料渗透机理改进染色工艺等。

Research status and progress trend of wood fungal staining

Wood fungal staining is a natural coloration process, in which, wood is colonized by fungi with pigmented hyphae in a high enough concentration for making a visual and macroscopic color change. Staining is as diverse as the fungi. Due to this diversity, staining form is mainly grouped into three classes, namely, zone lines, white rot (bleaching), and pigmentation. The first category is defined as zone lines, being produced by inter or intra fungal antagonism. The second category, white rot, includes the lightening of the wood due to colonization and the removal of lignin by white rot fungi. The third category is defined simply as pigmentation, encompassing the colors produced by some fungi on wood. More zone lines and pigmentation of wood changes in visual texture will bring more decora tive characteristics of wood. The fungal decorative wood has a good market future for furniture designer because of its rich texture and variability. As a new and natural staining method, the fungal staining technology has greatly improved the aesthetic value and comprehensive utilization of wood. This research analyzing wood fungal staining mechanism and improving dyeing process can enrich wood staining methods and accelerate the development of fungal staining dec orative wood products. The research progress of wood fungal staining is summarized from four aspects, i.e., wood fungal staining mechanism, staining methods, staining conditions and wood properties. This study focuses on introdu cing different staining methods for different manifestations, and analyzes existing problems aiming at different meth ods. It puts forward some proposals about wood fungal staining, which includes using a combination of fungi to in crease the quantity of zone lines and more color types of zone lines;comparing and selecting fungi pigment dissolution solvents to reduce the environmental pollution and the reduce energy consumption;exploring more fungal species for extraction of fungal pigments to increase the color of fungal pigments and expanding the scope of application of fungal pigments;investigating methods to improve the staining process combined with stain penetration mechanism.