稻种资源的磷利用效率差异及其分类评价

采用溶液水培试验,以289份稻种资源为供试材料,探讨了相同供磷水平下水稻生物量与磷利用效率的品种差异,并通过对其进行系统分类与评价,进一步阐明水稻磷素吸收及其生物学性状与磷素利用效率的关系。结果表明:(1)在水稻分蘖期与拔节孕穗期,供试品种生物量与磷利用效率均存在较大变幅,生物量的变异系数分别达到36.03%和34.85%,磷利用效率的变异系数分别为15.80%和17.73%。(2)通过动态聚类将供试稻种资源分为5种磷利用效率类型,它们存在明显的基因型差异;在分蘖期及拔节孕穗期两个时期,Ⅰ类高效型的生物量分别是Ⅴ类低效型的3.22倍和3.08倍,而其磷素利用效率分别是Ⅴ类低效型的1.73倍和1.82倍。(3)磷高效型水稻和低效型水稻体内含磷量和磷积累量也呈现出显著的基因型差异,Ⅰ类磷高效型水稻相对Ⅴ类低效型含磷量较低,磷累积量高,能吸收利用有限的磷素,维持自身的生理代谢,并产生较大的生物量。(4)不同磷利用效率类型的水稻的生物学性状中株高及分蘖数体现出极显著的基因型差异,并与磷利用效率呈极显著的正相关关系。

Classification and evaluation of phosphorus utilization efficiency for different rice germplasms

Through water culture experiment,298 varieties of rice were used in this study to classify and evaluate their genotypic differences in biomass and phosphorus utilization efficiency under the same P fertilization condition,and further discussed the relationship between the biological characters of rice and phosphorus utilization efficiency.The results indicated that:(1)Difference of biomass and phosphorus utilization efficiency of the cultivars used in this study was very large,the variation coefficient of the biomass was 36.03% and 36.85%,and the variation coefficient of the phosphorus utilization efficiency was 15.80% and 17.73%.(2)The whole rice variety resources were decomposed into five types by dynamic clustering.And significant differences were observed in phosphorus use efficiency for drymatter among five types.At tillering stage and jointing-booting stage,theⅠ-type was high phosphorus utilization efficiency,those biomass was 3.22 times and 3.08 times,and phosphorus utilization efficiency was 1.73 times and 1.82 times higher than the low phosphorus utilization efficiency Ⅴ-type.(3)Meanwhile,there were significant differences in phosphorus content and accumulation between the high phosphorus utilization efficiency and low phosphorus utilization efficiency rice.The high phosphorus utilization efficiency ofⅠ-type rice had lower phosphorus content and higher phosphorus accumulation than the low phosphorus utilization efficiency of Ⅴ-type,they could absorbs less phosphorus to maintain physiological and metabolic functions,and produced bigger biomass.(4)The biological characters,like plant height and tiller number,had significant difference in the different phosphorus utilization efficiency rice types,it also had a significantly correlation to phosphorus utilization efficiency.