毒土法防控马铃薯田小云斑鳃金龟幼虫

旨在筛选高效、低毒、低残留的新农药,用于防治小云斑鳃金龟。采用毒土法,对几种农药进行田间药效试验。结果表明,农药处理后的小云斑鳃金龟平均虫害指数为8.26~13.94,马铃薯薯块的平均被害率为22.57%~34.85%。不同药剂处理后不小于5级的薯块被害率为4.28%~9.95%。除马拉硫磷对小云斑鳃金龟1龄幼虫的防效为88.89%外,其他供试药剂对其防效均为100%。毒死蜱、辛硫磷、马拉硫磷、吡虫啉对2龄幼虫的防效好。毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、三唑磷对3龄幼虫防效较好。采用化学药剂防治小云斑鳃金龟,可降低产量损失5%~10%,增产效果达到21.33%~82.52%。可见,毒死蜱、吡虫啉、马拉硫磷3种农药对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫有较好的防治效果,有一定的生产应用价值。

Control Effect of Poisoned Soil on Polyphylla gracilicornis Blanch Instar in Potato Field

To select high effect, low toxity, low residue insecticides for control Polyphylla gracilicornis Blanch instar, the poisoned soil method was used to test the control effect of several insecticides. The result showed that in insecticides treatment, the average insect pest index and mean damaged rate of potato tuber were 8.26-13.94 and 22.57%-34.85%, respectively. The damaged rate of potato tuber, destroyed more than 5 grade, was 4.28%-9.95%. Except for malathion with the control effect of 88.89% on first instar, the other control effects of insecticides were 100%. Chlorpyrifos, phoxim, malathion and imidacloprid showed better control effect to 2nd instar, and chlorpyrifos, malathion, triazophos to the 3rd instar. Using chemical insecticides to control pest, the yield loss would reduce by 5%-10%, and yield-increasing rate was approximately 21.33%-82.52%. Chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and malathion can be used in potato production to control Polyphylla gracilicornis Blanch.