基于RS与GIS的达茂旗土地荒漠化动态监测

以达茂旗1990、2000、2008年TM影像作为基本信息源,经合成、增强、几何纠正、镶嵌,并结合野外考察进行人机交换判读获取土地荒漠化数据,建立数据库。结果显示,在研究期内研究区荒漠化土地总面积变化不明显,1990、2000、2008年土地荒漠化总面积分别为155.37万、155.50万、155.40万hm2;但荒漠化总的趋势仍为加强。在3种荒漠化类型中,以风蚀荒漠化占主导,面积最大,占荒漠化总面积的92.66%,恶化程度最强。气候干旱、风大、沙土广布等自然因素是土地荒漠化的潜在条件,人类经济活动起到了促进作用。荒漠化致使土地生产力下降明显,严重制约了当地的农牧业生产。为了控制土地荒漠化,提出了退化土地生态恢复重建的对策与措施。

Dynamic Monitoring of Land Desertification in Damao Banner Based on RS and GIS Technology

Through synthesizing,reinforcing,geometrically correcting and inlaying the main information source of Landsat TM images in Damao Banner in 1990,2000 and 2008,and then combining with the field survey,the land desertification data was obtained by human-computer exchanged interpretation,and a database was constructed.As indicated by the results,the total desertification area in the study area didn't see much change,which were 1 553 700,1 555 000 and 1 554 000 hm2 respectively in 1990,2000 and 2008;but the general trend of desertification aggravated.Among the three types of desertification,the type of wind erosion accounted for the largest part of 92.66% in the total desertification area and caused the most serious damages.The arid climate,strong wind and vast area of sands and other natural factors all laid the potential foundation for land desertification,but human activities accelerated the desertification process.Desertification led to the significant decrease of land productivity and seriously prohibited the development of local agriculture and animal husbandry.Therefore,some measures were proposed,aiming to control land desertification and restore the degraded land ecology.