Centres of Crop Diversity and/or Origin, Genetically Modified Crops and Implications for Plant Genetic Resources Conservation |
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Authors: | J M M Engels A W Ebert I Thormann M C de Vicente |
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Institution: | (1) IPGRI, Rome, Italy;(2) CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica;(3) IPGRI, Cali, Colombia |
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Abstract: | The concept of centres of crop diversity and/or origin of agriculture is briefly reviewed. The conservation status of crop
genetic resources, either ex situ or in situ, cultivated or wild, has been assessed for species of the Central American and Mexican centre, demonstrating that that region
is indeed one of the important centres of crop diversity for human kind. Furthermore, biotechnological developments with regard
to the creation and spread of genetically modified crops have been analyzed. The likelihood of unintentional introgression
of genetically modified traits into conventional seed lots, crops as well as into germplasm collections have been assessed.
Related biosafety measures as well as the possible implications of intellectual property rights on transgenic crops and/or
genes are being discussed vis-a-vis the possible implications they might have for germplasm management. The Central American
crop genetic resources situation has been used as a “case study” to illustrate the potential impact of the spreading of GM
varieties on the genetic diversity in genebanks and farmers’ fields and the need for effective and efficient conservation
efforts. Conservation management strategies and practices are being proposed of mitigate the potential negative impact of
GM crops on the conservation efforts. |
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Keywords: | Central America and Mexico plant genetic resources centres of diversity centres of agricultural origin conservation germplasm management biotechnology GMO crops unintentional introgression biosafety measures |
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