渤海长岛海域浮游动物的种类组成与时空分布

于2012年11月、2013年2月、5月和8月4个航次对渤海长岛海域的浮游动物种类组成和时空分布特征进行调查研究,对影响其群落结构时空变化的环境因子进行分析。本次调查共鉴定出浮游动物38种(属),其中,夏季最多,共26种,其次是秋季23种,春季和冬季最少,分别是14种和13种。浮游动物优势种具有显著的四季演替现象。春季,优势种是墨氏胸刺水蚤(Centropages mcmurrichi)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus);强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、长腕幼虫(Ophiopluteus larva)和糠虾幼体(Mysidaeea larva)取代两种桡足类成为夏季的优势种;秋季优势种类仅为强壮箭虫1种;冬季除了强壮箭虫,墨式胸刺水蚤和中华哲水蚤又重新成为优势种。浮游动物丰度季节变化明显,春季平均1 952.74ind/m3,夏季平均352.51 ind/m3,秋季和冬季丰度最低,分别为87.38ind/m3和79.95 ind/m3。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)变化范围是0.222~2.766,平均值1.190,均匀度指数(J)在0.121~0.940之间,平均值0.444。分析表明,海水温度、盐度、浮游植物丰度和水团等是影响渤海长岛海域浮游动物时空分布特征的关键因子。

Species composition, abundance and distribution of zooplankton along the coast of Chang Island in the Bohai Sea, China

Based on the samples collected from the four cruises carried out on November in 2012, March, May and August in 2013, the species composition, abundance and distribution of zooplankton at the coast of Chang Island in the Bohai Sea were studied. The results showed that a total of 38 species (genera) of zooplankton were identified. There were 26 and 23 zooplankton species (genera) in summer and autumn, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in spring and winter. Variations in the dominant zooplankton species composition occurred obviously between different seasons. The dominant species were Centropages mcmurrichi and Calanus sinicus in spring, but replaced completely by Sagitta crassa, Ophiopluteus larva and Mysidaeea larva in summer. Sagitta crassa was the only dominant species in autumn. In addition to Sagitta crassa, Centropages mcmurrichi and Calanus sinicus dominated the zooplankton community in winter. The abundance of zooplankton varied significantly between different seasons. The average abundance of zooplankton was 1952.74ind/m3 in spring, which was significantly higher than those in other seasons. And the average abundance of zooplankton was 352.51ind/m3, 87.38ind/m3 and 79.95ind/m3 in summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index (H) ranged from 0.222 to 2.766 during the sampling period and the average H value was 1.190. Pielou evenness index (J) varied from 0.121 to 0.940 with an average of 0.444 during the study period. The most important environmental factors influencing the changes of zooplankton species composition, abundance and distribution were water temperature, salinity, phytoplankton abundance and hydrological conditions at the Coast of Chang Island in the Bohai Sea.