微耕机作业事故与机具设计缺陷的关联性分析

针对我国微耕机作业事故频繁发生、造成人员伤亡和经济损失的严峻形势,基于设计心理学、人因工程学、交互设计理论,分析了与微耕机作业事故相关的人、机具和环境因素,指出机具设计缺陷是微耕机作业事故的最重要因素。操作者的群体特征不易改变,作业环境无从选择,只能通过机具的安全设计来适应人的特点,弥补环境的不足,即机具的安全设计是减少事故、提高质量的根本手段。同时,进一步讨论了微耕机防护装置、操作装置、形态、色彩和标识安全设计以及材料选用。应用工业设计学科理论研究微耕机作业事故,分析事故与机具设计缺陷的关联性,是从根本上消除事故隐患及解决农机安全问题的新思路。

Study on the Correlation between Mini Tiller Accidents and Design Defects

In recent years, mini tiller accidents occurred occasionally and caused heavy casualties and severe economic losses in China.In view of design psychology, ergonomics and interaction design theory, we analyzed human factor, ma-chine factor and environment factor associated with mini tiller accidents, and pointed out that the machine design defect was the most important reason in connection with the accidents.In order to ensure mini tiller ' s operation safety, we must optimize the machine design to meet the operator ' s requirement and adopt the environment.That is, the safety design of the machine is the most effective method to reduce the number of accidents.We further discussed the relevance of the safety device, operating device, component shape, colour, signs and part material to accidents, and concluded the secu-rity design principles.It is a very good start that applying industrial design theory to study mini tiller accidents, and could help solve farm machinery safety issues fundamentally.