陕西省小麦全蚀病发生分布及短期轮作防治效果

通过大量试验调查,分析了陕西省小麦全蚀病发生分布情况,并将其划分为4个不同区域:渭北旱塬老病区、洛河渭河滩灌溉地新病区、秦岭北麓早塬轻发病区和关中西部灌区零星病区,研究了轮作倒茬年限、轮作作物种类等对小麦全蚀病的控制作用。结果表明,不同种类作物轮作后对小麦全蚀病的控制效果不同,以非禾本科蔬菜类作物轮作效果最佳;轮作1年对小麦全蚀病有很好的控制效果,之后控制效果逐年降低。并提出了“1+1”短期轮作防治小麦全蚀病的技术措施,经推广后对小麦全蚀病白穗率的控制效果达95％以上,轮作后小麦全蚀病白穗率由85％降低至3％-5％。

Distribution of take-all disease of wheat in Shaanxi province & controlling effect of short rotation

The distribution of take-all disease in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province had been assured through surveies, which had been divided into four different regions: Weibei old diseased area, new diseased irrigated area ,north-Qinling mountain diseased area, western Guanzhong diseased irrigated area. Rotation periods and crops for rotation had been detected to control the take-all disease. The results showed that non-gramineous vegetables were the best rotation crops ;and the best effect is in the first rotation year;the method,"1 + 1 short rotation" to control take-all disease was suggested to control the take-all disease, by which controlling effect of white head incidence could reach above 95% after extending. The white head incidence of take-all disease of wheat decreased from 85% to 3%-5% after rotation.