腐殖酸小麦专用肥及其减量在豫北潮土区小麦上的施用效果

采用大田试验，研究腐殖酸小麦专用肥及其减量在豫北潮土区小麦上的施用效果，以明确腐殖酸肥料的减肥潜力，为其高效合理施用提供理论支撑。试验设置7个处理，分别为：T1（不施肥对照），T2（习惯施肥）和T3（优化施肥、施用普通小麦专用肥），T4、T5、T6和T7处理（分别施用100%、90%、80%和70%腐殖酸小麦专用肥，其中T4和T3处理等养分），考察不同处理小麦产量、养分吸收利用效率及土壤养分含量的差异。结果表明：同等养分条件下，T4处理的小麦总氮、钾吸收量较T3处理分别增加5.6%和4.7%，成熟期小麦秸秆和籽粒中磷含量以及越冬期土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量也有所提高，但产量未增加。T5处理的小麦产量最高，分别较T1、T2、T3、T4、T6和T7处理增加20.0%、4.7%、8.4%、9.8%、13.9%和18.4%；肥料农学利用效率和肥料偏生产力也最高，分别为5.18 kg/kg和31.07 kg/kg。T6和T7处理的小麦总养分积累量、开花期土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量显著下降，产量和肥料农学利用效率也低于其他施肥处理，T7处理的成熟期土壤有效磷和速效钾含量也显著降低。本试验条件下，豫北潮土区施用90%腐殖酸小麦专用肥可一定程度上实现减肥增产。

Application Effects of Wheat Specific Humic Acid Fertilizer and Its Reduction on Wheat in Fluvo-aquic Soil Area in North Henan

A field experiment was conducted to study the application effects of wheat specific humic acid fertilizer (Triticum aestivum L.) and its reduction on wheat in fluvo-aquic soil area in north Henan, in order to clarify the potential of humic acid fertilizer reduction and provide theoretical support for fertilizer efficient and rational application. In the experiment, seven treatments were set up: T1 (the control, without fertilization), T2 (conventional fertilization), T3 (optimized fertilization, applying wheat specific common fertilizers), T4, T5, T6 and T7 (applying 100%, 90%, 80% and 70% wheat specific humic acid fertilizer respectively, and T4 and T3 had the same amount of nutrients). We investigated the differences of yield, and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of wheat, as well as the content of soil nutrients among different treatments. The results showed that under the same nutrient condition, compared with T3, the total nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) accumulation of wheat under T4 increased by 5.6% and 4.7% respectively. There was also obvious increase in phosphorus (P) content in wheat straw and grain at the mature stage, and the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed N and available K at the wintering stage, but the yield did not increase. The yield of T5 was the highest, which was increased by 20.0%, 4.7%, 8.4%, 9.8%, 13.9% and 18.4% compared with that of T1, T2, T3, T4, T6 and T7; moreover, the fertilizer agronomy efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity of T5 were also the highest, which were 5.18 kg/kg and 31.07 kg/kg, respectively. There were significant decreases of the total nutrient accumulation of wheat, and soil alkali-hydrolyzed N content and available P content at the flowering stage under T6 and T7, and the yield and fertilizer agronomy efficiency of the two treatments were also lower than those of other fertilization treatments. Moreover, the content of soil available P and available K of T7 were also significantly reduced at the harvest stage. Under the conditions of this experiment, the application of 90% wheat specific humic acid fertilizer could reduce fertilizer amount and improve wheat yield to a certain extent in fluvo-aquic soil area in north Henan.