机采棉种植模式下不同棉花品种适应性研究

明确各品种在机采棉种植模式下形态、生理及产量因子变化，为长江流域棉花机械化生产中品种选择提供理论基础。通过2018—2019年大田试验，以‘中棉所63F₂’（杂交棉品种）低密度（4.5万株/hm²）为对照，研究‘中棉所63F₂’和‘中棉所425’（常规早熟棉品种）、‘中棉所50’（常规早熟棉品种）等3个棉花品种在高密度（9.0万株/hm²）机采棉种植模式下的品种生育进程、农艺性状、干物质积累及产量变化。结果表明，各品种在机采棉种植模式下，其叶面积指数、干物质积累量、成铃数及产量均高于对照；‘中棉所63F₂’单铃重、籽棉产量高于2个常规早熟棉花品种，但未达显著水平。常规早熟棉品种‘中棉所425’、‘中棉所50’成熟较早、集中成铃，适宜长江流域一年两熟模式下连茬种植。

Study on Adaptability of Different Cotton Varieties Under Planting Pattern of Machine-harvested Cotton

The aim of study is to clarify the morphological, physiological and yield changes of each cotton variety under the machine-harvested cotton pattern and provide a theoretical basis for variety selection in mechanized cotton production in the Yangtze River basin. In the field trial from 2018 to 2019, the low density (45000 plants/hm²) of ‘Zhongmiansuo 63F₂’ (a hybrid cotton variety) was used as the control treatment, the growth process, agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and yield changes of ‘Zhongmian Suo 63F₂’, ‘Zhongmian Suo 425’(conventional early-maturing cotton variety) and ‘Zhongmian Suo 50’ (conventional early-maturing cotton variety) were studied under high density (90000 plants/hm²) with the planting pattern of machine-harvested cotton. The results showed that the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, boll number and yield of each variety under the planting pattern of machine-harvested cotton were higher than those of the control treatment. The boll weight and seed cotton yield of ‘Zhongmiansuo 63F₂’ were higher than those of the two early maturing cotton varieties, but it didn’t reach the significant level. The conventional early-maturing cotton varieties ‘Zhongminansuo 425’ and ‘Zhongmiansuo 50’ matured earlier and concentrated fruiting, which were suitable for the two-harvest-a-year continuous cropping system in the Yangtze River basin.