顶坛花椒不同种植基地土壤肥力质量研究

为探究顶坛花椒不同种植基地的土壤肥力质量特征,以贵州省贞丰县北盘江镇3个顶坛花椒不同种植基地(基地1为荒地、基地2为复垦地、基地3为农田)为研究对象,测定土壤p H、速效氮、速效磷等30个指标,确定最小数据集并评价土壤肥力质量。结果表明:基地1全氮、全磷、速效磷、镁、铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、镉、铬最高,基地2速效氮、全钾、速效钾、氯、锰、硼、钼、锌、铜、砷、锶最高,基地3的p H、有机碳、钙、硅、硒最高;土壤肥力质量评价最小数据集包括锰与硼两个指标,且锰在第一主成分中有较高载荷值(0.998),硼在第二主成分上有较高载荷值(0.997);土壤肥力质量综合指数由大到小依次为:基地2(0.75)基地1(-0.32)基地3(-0.43);为改良土壤肥力质量,基地1需增加速效氮、速效磷、全钾、速效钾、硼、钛、锶,基地2应适当提高p H,基地3需增加全氮、铁、锰、钼、锌、钴、砷。研究结果可为顶坛花椒种植基地土壤养分管理和测土配方施肥提供理论数据。

Studies on Soil Fertility Quality of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. Dingtanensis in Different Planting Bases

In order to investigate the soil fertility quality characteristics of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. Dingtanensis in different planting bases, this paper took 3 different planting bases（base 1 was wasteland, base 2 was reclaimed land, base 3 was farmland）of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. Dingtanensis in Beipanjiang Town, Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province as study object, and measured 30 indicators including soil pH, AN and AP, etc., then built up the minimum data set and evaluated the soil fertility quality. The results showed that TN, TP, AP, Mg, Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd and Cr were the highest in base 1; AN, TK, AK, Cl, Mn, B, Mo, Zn, Cu, As and Sr were the highest in base 2; pH, SOC, Ca, Si and Se were the highest in base 3. The minimum data set for soil fertility quality evaluation included two indicators of Mn and B. Moreover, Mn had a higher loading value (0.998) in the first principal component, and B had a higher loading value (0.997) in the second principal component. Soil fertility quality comprehensive indexes from high to low were in the following order: base 2 (0.75) > base 1 (-0.32) > base 3 (-0.43). In order to improve soil fertility quality, the contents of AN, AP, TK, AK, B, Ti and Sr should be increased in base 1; pH should be properly improved in base 2; and contents of TN, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Co and As should be increased in Base 3. These studying results provided theoretical data for soil nutrient management and soil-testing for formulated fertilization in Zanthoxylum planispinum var. Dngtanensis planting bases.