膜下滴灌施用生物有机肥对土壤盐分及棉花产量的影响

通过水肥一体化膜下滴灌田间试验,研究了生物有机肥与不同种类化肥配施对棉花干物质、产量、经济效益及土壤盐分的影响。试验共设5个处理:不施肥(对照)、常规化肥、滴灌专用肥、常规化肥+生物有机肥、滴灌专用肥+生物有机肥。结果表明:滴灌专用肥+生物有机肥处理的单株成铃数、单铃重和产量较滴灌专用肥处理分别增加了5.0%、1.2%和6.3%;常规化肥+生物有机肥处理的产量较常规化肥处理提高了7.7%。配施生物有机肥处理的土壤p H较未施生物有机肥处理有所降低;在0～20 cm土层,距滴头0 cm土壤电导率低于距滴头30 cm,滴灌抑制了表层盐分上升。配施生物有机肥能有效提高棉花单株成铃数、单铃重及产量,调节土壤p H,但是控制土壤盐分的效应不明显。从经济收益最大化来看,最佳施肥模式为常规化肥+生物有机肥。本研究可为北疆棉花膜下水肥剂一体化优化施肥方案提供参考。

Effects of Drip Irrigation Under Plastic Film and Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Soil Salinity and Cotton Yield

This paper studied the effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer combined with different kinds of chemical fertilizer on dry matter, yield, economic benefit of cotton and soil salt content by field experiment of drip irrigation under water and fertilizer integrated film. There were 5 treatments in the test: no fertilization (CK), conventional chemical fertilizer, fertilizer specially for drip irrigation, conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer, and fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer. The results showed that the number of bolls per plant, single boll weight and yield of fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer treatment were increased by 5.0%, 1.2% and 6.3%, respectively, compared with the treatment of applying fertilizer specially for drip irrigation. The yield of conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer treatment was 7.7% higher than that of the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment. Soil pH of adding bio-organic fertilizer treatments were lower than that of treatment without using bio-organic fertilizer. At 0~20 cm soil layer, the soil conductivity for sampling site 0 cm away from the drop point was lower than that of 30 cm away from the drop point. The drip irrigation could inhibit surface soil salinity. Combined application of biological organic fertilizer could effectively increase the number of bolls per plant, single boll weight and yield, and adjust soil pH, but could not control the soil salinity effectively. From the perspective of economic benefit maximization, the best fertilization model was conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer. This study could offer references for integrated application of water, chemical fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer under film in cotton field of Northern Xinjiang.