黄土高原生态退耕政策实施效果及对农民生计的影响

鉴于国家把退耕政策作为推动黄土高原生态环境恢复的关键举措,以宝塔区和安塞县为案例区域,采用农户问卷调查方法,分析了近年来的退耕状况以及退耕政策对农民生计的影响。结果表明:被调查农户人均退耕坡地0.205 hm2,退耕指数达79.21%;2003年479农户因退耕导致的粮食减产量人均74 kg,得到政府补贴人均171元;退耕补贴对贫困农户的影响程度较大,停止退耕补贴后存在反垦可能性。2003年被调查农户人均现金收入1492元,主要来源于外出打工、卖粮菜、退耕补贴、卖畜禽产品和做小生意等。未来几年,能获得稳定收入且报酬相对较高的行业是农民谋生的首选,有资金积累或一定技能的农户正在将生计转向高附加值农业或第三产业。

Effects of Actualized Ecological De-farming Policy and Its Influences on Farmer''''s Livelihood in the Loess Plateau

Based on having been actualized de-farming policy in Loess Plateau since 2000,taking Baota district and Ansai county as study cases,the effects of actualized de-farming policy and its influences on farmer's livelihood in past four years were analyzed by using the data from farmer household survey in 2004.The results showed as follows:(1) the de-farming index of 479 investigated farm households is 79.21% with per capita area of de-farming slope farmland of 0.205 hm~2,per capita grain yield loss resulted from de-farming slope farmland of 74 kg and per capita allowance of 171 yuan from the government in 2003;(2) the de-farming allowance from the government has a bigger influence on a poor household,and if an allowance from the government would be stopped,the re-exploitation of partly de-farmed slope farmland is possible;(3) in 2003,per capita cash income of 479 investigated farm households is 1 492 yuan,and its sources mainly from floating employment,selling grain and greenstuff,de-farming allowance,selling products of domestic livestock and poultry and dealing dicker etc.;(4) in a few coming years,those employments of stable and higher earning will be firstly selected by farmers,and high expected value agriculture or rural commerce are going to become the leading livelihood of a good few farmers with some fund or skill.