中国大陆到港船舶压载水生物研究

随着中国外向型经济的发展,从20世纪80年代初,加快了沿海港口的建设。港口和航运业的快速发展,导致世界各地大量的船舶压载水到达中国沿海港口,提高了压载水生物入侵的风险。有关中国大陆港口到港船舶压载水的研究,早期从卫生防疫的角度关注病原菌的入侵,从赤潮防控的角度关注有害藻类的入侵,在此基础上逐渐扩展到压载水生物多样性的研究,但主要是在压载水生物种类调查的层面。随着《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》的生效,必将推动船舶压载水生物的研究逐步深入到压载水生物适应机制和入侵机制方面,并推动船舶压载水检测技术的研发创新,为公约履约和港口国监督检测提供技术支撑和保障。

Research of organisms in ballast water of ships arriving in the mainland of China

With the development of China''s export-oriented economy, from the early 1980s, the construction of coastal ports was accelerated. The rapid development of the port and shipping industry has led to the arrival of a large amount of ship ballast water around the world to China''s coastal ports, raising the risk of biological ballast water intrusion. Research on ballast water from ships arriving at ports in mainland China focused on the invasion of pathogenic bacteria from the perspective of hygiene and epidemic prevention, focused on the invasion of harmful algae from the perspective of red tide prevention and control, and gradually extended to the biological diversity of ballast water on this basis. However, it mainly focused on the survey toward the biological species in ballast water. With the entry into force of the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ships'' Ballast Water and Sediments, the study of ballast water organisms will inevitably step into the ballistic water bio-adaptation mechanism and intrusion mechanism. It also promotes the development and innovation of ship ballast water detection technology and provides technical support and guarantees for the performance of the Convention and port State supervision and inspection.