玉米抗病毒基因工程研究进展

病毒病是导致玉米产量降低和品质下降的主要原因之一.在我国,玉米矮花叶病和粗缩病发生范围最广、危害最严重.基因工程技术可人为将抗性基因或部分片段定向导入植物获得转基因抗病毒植株,具有速度快、效率高等优点,在玉米抗病毒育种中具有重要的应用价值.文章在总结我国主要玉米病毒病及其病原种类的基础上,论述采用不同策略培育抗病毒玉米植株的研究进展,其中,利用植物病毒基因序列的策略有病毒编码蛋白基因介导的抗病性、RNA干扰(RNAi)介导的抗病性、人工小RNA(amiRNA)介导的抗病性3种,还可利用非植物病毒基因,包括寄主的抗性基因及来自其他植物、动物和微生物的抗病毒基因如核糖体失活蛋白、核酸酶、2-5A体系的基因等;最后分析各种策略的优缺点及抗病毒转基因玉米的安全性问题,为科研工作者优化玉米抗病毒育种工程、培育生产上可推广的抗病毒品种提供参考.

Maize antiviral genetic engineering:A review

Virus disease is an important factor resulting in decline of maize production and quality.In China,dwarf mosaic disease and rough dwarf disease occur the most extensively and seriously.Genetic engineering technology could be used to direct the resistance gene or partial fragment into plant to obtain the transgenic antiviral plant.This technology had the advantages of fast speed and high efficiency,which had important application value in the antiviral breeding of maize.In this paper,the researchers firstly summarized the main maize virus diseases and their corresponding pathogens in China,and then reviewed the research progress on the cultivation of antiviral maize plants by different ways,including the strategy applying sequence of plant virus genevirus coded protein gene-mediated disease resistance,RNA inter-ference(RNAi)mediated resistance,and artificial microRNA(amiRNA)mediated resistance],and the one using non-plant viral genes(host resistance genes,antiviral genes from other plants,animals and microorganisms such as genes of ri-bosome-inactivating proteins,nucleases and 2-5A systems).Finally,advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and safety of antiviral transgenic maize were analyzed to provide references for optimizing the antiviral maize breeding project and cultivating the antiviral maize varieties for scale planting.