花生壳和麦秸用于饲养肉牛的营养价值和化学处理

为了评定花生壳、麦秸和花生壳-麦秸型典型肉牛日粮的营养价值，分析了粗饲料和日粮的营养成分，以3只瘤胃瘘管山羊和尼龙袋技术评价了粗饲料和日粮中干物质和粗蛋白质的瘤胃降解率，以5头肉牛进行了日粮消化率测定；对花生壳和麦秸分别进行氨化处理和综合化学处理，以不同组的肉牛进行60 d的饲养试验，比较氨化处理以及综合化学处理对粗饲料饲养效果的影响。结果表明，花生壳中粗纤维含量高于麦秸，花生壳和麦秸中粗蛋白质含量低、干物质降解率高而粗蛋白质降解率低；以花生壳和麦秸为主要成分的典型肉牛日粮，干物质和粗蛋白质的降解率高且稳定，其干物质、粗蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率分别为44.60%, 61.88% 和30.41%。以3.5%的尿素氨化处理花生壳及麦秸对肉牛具有良好的饲养育肥效果；对花生壳以3.5%的尿素和4%的Ca(OH)₂进行综合化学处理，其效果优于单纯的氨化处理。

Nutritive Value and Chemical Treatment of Peanut Shell and Wheat Straw for Feeding Beef Cattle

For the purpose of evaluating the nutritive value of peanut shell, wheat straw and the typical ration, analysis was conducted on the nutrients of the roughage and ration, and determination was conducted on the digestion coefficient of ration with 5 male beef cattles, evaluation was conducted on the rumen degradation rate of dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) of the roughage and ration with 3 cannulated goats and nylon bag technique. The peanut shell and wheat straw were treated with ammoniation method or complex chemical method. Compared with the untreated roughage, the ammoniated or complex chemical treated roughage was used to feed the beef cattle in different groups for 60 days. The result shows that the crude fiber content of peanut shell is higher than that of wheat straw. Both peanut shell and wheat straw have low levels of crude protein, higher degradation rate of DM and lower degradation rate of CP. For the typical ration mainly composed of peanut shell and wheat straw, the degradation rates are higher and stable for DM and CP, the digestion coefficients of DM, CP and crude fiber(CF) are 44.60%, 61.88% and 30.41% respectively. Ammoniation of peanut shell and wheat straw with 3.5% urea has a good effect on the beef cattle fattening. The effect of complex treatment with 3.5% and 4% Ca(OH)₂ is better than the simple ammoniation for peanut shell.