土壤局部改良对陕北山地果园苹果生长发育及果实品质的影响

选用4种材料对山地果园土壤进行局部改良，探究不同的改良材料对树体营养、果实产量和果实品质的影响。选用陕北地区主栽的富士系10年生烟富6号/八棱海棠为试验材料，在每棵树两侧距离树干1 m处挖条沟，取羊粪、椰壳、草炭、秸秆4种材料各50L,与150L园土混合后进行土壤局部改良处理，以不进行土壤改良的果树作为对照，测定苹果树生长发育、叶片以及果实指标，比较不同处理的改良效果。用羊粪进行土壤局部改良可显著增加叶片干鲜质量、叶绿素含量和果实品质，其中总叶绿素含量和可溶性固形物含量分别较CK增加23.82%,14.36%;用草炭进行土壤局部改良可显著提高叶片光合特性和果实产量，其中光合速率和果实总产量分别较CK增加53.74%,14.76%;椰壳处理叶片干质量、叶片鲜质量、总叶绿素含量、果实产量分别较CK显著增加了16.65%,18.84%,20.19%,18.19%;秸秆处理的果实明亮度与果实产量较CK显著提高了8.09%,5.40%。4种改良材料均提高了果实品质和产量，均可作为陕北地区土壤局部改良的材料，且以施用椰壳的处理效果最好。

Effects of Local Soil Improvement on Growth and Fruit Quality of Mountainous Apple Orchards of in Northern Shaanxi

Four different materials were selected for local soil in amendment in mountainous apple orchards to investigate the effects of different materials on tree nutrition, fruit yield,and fruit quality.Fuji apple trees (Fuji 6/Balenang) aged 10 years, the main variety grown in Northern Shaanxi, were used as the experimental materials. A ditch was dug 1 meter away from each side of the tree trunk and four types of materials, namely, sheep manure, coconut husk, peat, and straw (each 50L), were mixed with 150L of orchasd soil for local soil amendment. Trees without soil amendment were used as controls. Growth and development of apple trees, leaf and fruit indexes, and fruit quality were measured to compare the effects of different treatments. Soil amendment with sheep manure could significantly increased leaf dry mass, chlorophyll content and fruit quality. Total chlorophyll content and soluble solid content increased by 23.82% and 14.36% respectively, compared to the control. The photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and fruit yield were significantly improved by local soil improvement with grass charcoal. The photosynthetic rate and total fruit yield were increased by 53.74% and 14.76%, respectively, compared with CK. The dry weight, fresh weight, total chlorophyll content and fruit yield of coir treatment were significantly increased by 16.65%, 18.84%, 20.19% and 18.19% compared with CK, respectively. Compared with CK, the fruit brightness and fruit yield of straw treatment were significantly increased by 8.09% and 5.40%,respectively. All four amendment materials improved fruit quality and yield, making them suitable for local soil amendment in Northern Shaanxi, with the coconut husk treatment showing the best results.