甜瓜不同品种类型芳香物质和营养品质的比较分析

试验采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)等方法测定了10个不同品种类型的甜瓜芳香物质，结果表明薄皮甜瓜芳香物质的种类比厚皮甜瓜多：在薄皮甜瓜中分离出的芳香物质以乙酸乙酯、乙酸-2-甲基丙酯和乙酸正己酯等乙酸酯类为主；在厚皮甜瓜中，哈密瓜的芳香物质主要以正辛醇、2-辛醇和辛醛等醇醛类物质为主；网纹甜瓜和薄皮型厚皮甜瓜中甜1号以(Z,Z)-3,6-壬二烯醛、(Z)-6-壬烯醛和正壬醇等饱和与不饱和的九碳脂肪醛和脂肪醇为主；光皮型厚皮甜瓜中白兰瓜和伊丽莎白甜瓜主要以乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯和乙酸-2-甲基丙基酯等低分子的酯类物质为主，这与薄皮甜瓜的芳香物质相似，但在白兰瓜和伊丽莎白中没有分离出醛类物质，光皮型厚皮甜瓜心里美2号、元首和天蜜以(Z,Z)-3,6-壬二烯醛、壬醛和正壬醇等饱和与不饱和的九碳脂肪醛和脂肪醇为主。对十个品种的营养品质分析表明，薄皮甜瓜之间的营养品质含量都有显著性差异；在厚皮甜瓜中，光皮型厚皮的营养品质优于其它厚皮甜瓜；薄皮甜瓜的糖酸比显著低于厚皮甜瓜。

Comparison of the Aromatic Compounds and Nutritional Quality among Different Types of Melon Fruits

The aromatic compounds of melon fruit of ten different cultivars were analyzed using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), gas chromatoraphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and other methods. The results indicated that oriental melons contained more kinds of aromatic compounds as compared to thick-skinned melons. The main aromatic compounds in oriental melons were acetic esters, such as Ethyl acetate, Acetic acid 2-methylpropyl ester and Acetic acid hexyl ester etc; In the thick-skinned melons, the aromatic compounds of the cantaloupe mainly were 1-Octanol, 2-Octanol, Octanal and the other alcohols and aldehydes; In the netted melons and the thick-skinned melons of the thin-skin types mainly contained saturated and unsaturated nine carbon chain aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols, such as (Z,Z)-3,6-Nonadienal, (Z)-6-Nonenal and 1-Nonanol etc; In the thick-skinned melons of the smooth bark types Honeydew melon and Elizabeth mainly contained the esters of small molecule weight, such as Methyl acetate, Ethyl acetate and Acetic acid 2-methylpropyl ester, this was similar with the oriental melons, but the aldehydes in the Honeydew melon and Elizabeth were not found; The Cultivar Xinlimei No.2 , Yuanshou and Tianmi mainly contained saturated and 1-Nonanol etc. The nutritional quality of melon fruit of ten different cultivars indicated that the nutritional quality in the oriental melons were significantly difference; In the thick-skinned melons, the nutritional in the unsaturated nine carbon chain aliphatic aldehydes significantly lower than it in the thick-skinned melon.