黄河中游河道生态环境需水量研究

河流生态环境需水量作为维持河流生态系统功能的重要因素已成为当前研究的热点问题之一.本文在探讨河流系统生态环境需水量内涵的基础上,系统阐述了生态环境需水各分项的计算方法,并以黄河中游为例,针对该区的实际情况,采用蒙大拿法、最小月平均流量法、最大月平均含沙量法等计算研究区主要支流的生态环境需水量.计算结果表明,黄河中游生态环境需水量为47.356亿m3,输沙需水量为40.666亿m3,水面蒸发需水量为10.314亿m3.窟野河、无定河、汾河、泾河、北洛河、渭河、伊洛河和沁河的河道生态环境需水总量分别为2.071亿m3、3.393亿m3、10.143亿m3、8.699亿m3、3.575亿m3、34.601亿m3、6.481亿m3和2.505亿m3.由于黄河中游并非一个独立的河流系统,与上、下游有着密切的水利联系,难以确定黄河中游河道生态环境需水总量,有待进一步探讨和研究.

Ecological and environmental water requirement in the middle Yellow River

As a significant factor for maintaining river ecosystem function, ecological and environmental water requirement of rivers is a key issue of hydrological research. Based on real conditions of the middle Yellow River, a few methods (Montana method, minimum monthly mean discharge method, etc.) were adopted to calculate ecological and environmental water requirement of the river. The results show that in the middle Yellow River the environment water requirement is 47.356×10⁸ m³, the water requirement for sediment delivery is 40.666×10⁸ m³, and the water surface evaporation is 10.314×10⁸ m³. Total tributary ecological and environmental water requirement from Kuye River, Wuding River, Fen River, Jing River, Beiluo River, Wei River, Yiluo River, and Qin River is respectively 2.071×10⁸ m³, 3.393×10⁸m³, 10.143×10⁸ m³, 8.699×10⁸ m³, 3.575×10⁸ m³, 34.601×10⁸ m³, 6.481×10⁸ m³ and 2.505×10⁸ m³. Due to the non-independence of the middle Yellow River, further ecological and environmental water requirement research is recommended.