27个二倍体和10个四倍体小麦近缘种抗叶锈性鉴定

利用我国小麦叶锈菌5个优势致病类型的混合菌种，在田间对27个二倍体和10个四倍体小麦近缘种成株期抗病性进行了接种鉴定，发现3个粗山羊草、1个野生二粒小麦和3个硬粒小麦表现免疫，1个一粒小麦、9个粗山羊草和1个硬粒小麦表现抗病，说明目前这些材料所含抗叶锈病基因有很高的开发应用价值。选择18个有鉴别作用的小麦叶锈菌致病类型，在不同温度下进行苗期抗叶锈病基因推导，根据抗感反应模式，推定粗山羊草Y192含Lr40，Ae37和Y190含Lr41，硬粒小麦Altar 84、Doliu、Dr147和Volcani 447含Lr23和未知基因；Ae39、T96243和Y193等10个粗山羊草和野生二粒小麦不含苗期抗叶锈病基因。粗山羊草Ae39、T96243、Y193和野生二粒小麦在成株期表现免疫至抗病且严重度≤10%，说明具有成株期抗病性特点。

Leaf Rust Resistance in 27 Diploids and 10 Tetraploids of Wheat Relatives

Resistance of 37 accessions of wheat relatives, including 27 accessions of diploid and 10 accessions of tetraploid, to 5 prevalent pathotypes of Puccinia triticina was identified in the field at adult plant stage. Three accessions of Triticum tauschii, one accession of T. dicoccoides, and 3 accessions of T. durum exhibited immunity and one accession of T. monococcm, nine accessions of T. tauschii, and one accession of T. durum were resistant to the pathotypes. This result suggests that the resistance genes involved in these resources are of great value. Based on infection types (ITs), leaf rust resistance gene(s) for the 37 relatives were also postulated with eighteen differential pathotypes under different temperatures at seedling stage. In T. tauschii accessions, Y192 might carry Lr40; Ae37 and Y190 might carry Lr41. Four accessions of durum wheat, i.e. Altar 84, Doliu, Dr147, and Volcani 447, might carry Lr23 and unknown Lr gene(s). There were no putative Lr genes in 10 accessions of T. tauschii, such as Ae39, T96243 and Y193, and T. dicoccoides. At adult plant stage, Ae39, T96243, and Y193 showed ITs from “I” to “R”, with the severity less than 10%. This indicates that those materials probably possess adult plant resistance (APR) against Puccinia triticina.