云南省峨山县植烟土壤肥力的综合评价及变异分析

分别于2008年和2012年对云南峨山烟区484个植烟土壤样点跟踪取样,并对植烟土壤区域土壤肥力空间和时间变异进行综合分析评价。结果表明:2012年云南峨山植烟土壤pH值为4.03～8.29,适宜性比例为75.83%;土壤有机质含量为1.7～71.9 g/kg,适宜性比例为76.03%;速效氮含量为15～293 mg/kg,适宜性比例为88.84%;速效磷和速效钾适宜性比例均低于70%,总体含量偏低;植烟土壤综合评价指标平均值为0.63,变异系数为1.40%,肥力分布比较均匀,空间变异小;根据综合肥力指标(IFI)大小将全县土壤肥力分为高、较高、中等、较低和低5个等级,属于中等以上土壤肥力植烟区所占比例为85.96%,双江镇、富良棚乡肥力水平较高;2012年与2008年相比,植烟土壤pH值下降0.22,有机质减少0.44 g/kg,速效氮增加4.21 mg/kg,速效磷减少0.14 mg/kg,速效钾增加21.88 mg/kg,有效锌增加0.76 mg/kg,土壤综合肥力指标值提高0.08。

Comprehensive evaluation and variation analysis of fertility of tobacco-growing soil in Eshan county of Yunnan province

The soils in sampling sites of tobacco growing area in Eshan county of Yunnan Province were serially sampled respectively in 2008 and 2012, and comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the spatial and temporal variations of soil fertility. The results showed that the pH values of soil in Eshan, Yunnan were in a range of 4.038.29, the contents of organic matter in a range of 1.771.9 g/kg, available N in a range of 15293 mg/kg, and the suitability proportion was 88.84%; the contents of available P and available K were lower than 70%, slightly less than the average. The average of comprehensive evaluation indexes of tobacco-growing soil was 0.63, the coefficient of variation was 1.4%, the fertility was evenly distributed and the spatial variation was small. The fertility of tobacco-growing soil in Eshan was divided into higher, high, medium, low and lower grades according to the IFI value. The proportion of area with soil fertility above the medium grade was 85.96%, the soil fertility in tobacco-growing area of Shuangjiangzhen and Fuliangpeng were higher compared to other towns. Compared to 2008, the pH value of tobacco-growing soil decreased by 0.22, the contents of organic matter reduced by 0.44 g/kg, the amount of available N increased by 4.21 mg/kg, the amount of available P decreased by 0.14 mg/kg, available K increased by 21.88 mg/kg, trace element Zn increased by 0.76 mg/kg and soil comprehensive fertility indexes increased by 0.08 in 2012.