耕作方式对小麦抗氧化酶和产量的影响

通过田间试验研究耕作方式对小麦根系、叶片抗氧化酶和产量的影响。试验设置耕翻+镇压（HS）、旋耕+镇压（RS）和旋耕（R）3个处理。结果表明，在拔节期、孕穗期和花后10 d HS处理叶片和根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均显著高于其他2个耕作处理；在拔节期、抽穗期和花后5 d HS处理根系过氧化物酶（POD）活性均显著高于RS和R处理；在越冬期、孕穗期至花后5 d，HS处理叶片过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著高于RS和R处理；除拔节期和孕穗期，HS处理叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著低于RS和R处理。相关分析表明小麦产量和叶片CAT活性呈极显著正相关性（R=0.930，P＜0.01），与叶片MDA含量呈显著负相关（R=-0.774，P＜0.05）。HS处理可以通过提高小麦有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重从而提高产量，产量分别比RS和R处理高出5%和8%。综上表明，耕翻+镇压可提高小麦根系和叶片抗氧化酶活性，降低叶片MDA含量，延长小麦灌浆期实现小麦高产。

Effects of tillage methods on antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of wheat

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different tillage methods on yield of wheat and the antioxidant enzyme activity in roots and leaves of wheat. The experiment included three treatments: tillage + repression (HS), rotary tillage + repression (RS) and rotary tillage (R). The results showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves and roots of wheat treated by HS was significantly higher than that treated by the other two tillage treatments at jointing stage, booting stage and 10 days post-anthesis. At jointing stage, heading stage and 5 days post-anthesis, The Peroxidase(POD)activity in roots of wheat treated by HS was significantly higher than that treated by RS and R. The Catalase (CAT) activity in leaves of wheat treated by HS was significantly higher than that treated by RS and R during overwintering stage, booting stage and 5 days post-anthesis. In addition to jointing stage and booting stage, MDA content in leaves of wheat treated by HS was significantly lower than that treated by RS and R. Correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between wheat yield and leaves CAT activity (R=0.930, P < 0.01), significant negative correlation between wheat yield and leaves MDA content (R =-0.774, P < 0.05).The yield of the HS treatment was 5% and 8% significantly higher than that of the RS and R treatment respectively. The HS method could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves of wheat, reduce MDA content in leaves of wheat, and extend the grain filling period to improve the yield of wheat.