大豆品种鼓粒期田间抗旱鉴定

大豆鼓粒期缺水是制约大豆产量形成的重要因素之一。在鼓粒期对大豆品种进行抗旱性鉴定，可为大豆抗旱育种和抗旱节水栽培提供依据。选取不同地区育成的代表性品种（品系）46份，在鼓粒期田间干旱与灌水条件下，分析其产量、产量性状、生育期与形态性状、籽粒品质性状等指标，并且对其进行抗旱性鉴定。结果表明，干旱区46份材料平均产量1 759.6 kg/hm²，灌水对照区平均产量2 223.1 kg/hm²，46个品种平均耗水系数1.079 t/kg。干旱对三粒荚影响显著，对单株荚数、单株粒数、生物产量、单株粒重、百粒重影响极显著。干旱区的平均蛋白质含量极显著高于灌水区，比对照区提高幅度4.47 %；平均脂肪含量极显著低于灌水区，比正常灌水区降低幅度4.19 %。干旱条件下品种百粒重下降，生育期提早均属于品种抗旱性的适应反映，与抗旱性无关。适于呼伦贝尔的品种推荐为北豆14、黑河50、黑河43、华疆3、登科1号、蒙豆15、北豆37、黑河36、北豆38等。

Experimental Study on Drought Resistance Identification of Soybean Varieties during Seed-filling Stage

Lack of water in grain-filling stage has become a main factor restricting soybean yield. Identification of drought-resistant soybean materials can provide a basis for breeding of drought-resistant varieties and water-saving cultivation. A total of 46 representative cultivars bred from different regions were selected and planted under the drought and irrigation conditions respectively. Their yield, yield traits, growth period, morphological traits and quality traits in two different conditions were analyzed to evaluate their drought resistance. The results showed that average yield of all varieties in arid area and irrigated area was 1 759.6 kg/hm² and 2 223.1kg/hm² respectively. Average water consumption coefficient of 46 cultivars was 1.079 t/kg. Drought had a significant effect on the three-seed pods, and had highly significant effects on pod number per plant, seed number per plant, biomass, seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight. Drought resulted in early maturity of varieties and decline of 100-seed weight, which however had no correlation with yield drought resistance. Average protein content in arid area was significantly higher than that in the control area with an increase of 4.47%, and average fat content in the arid area was significantly lower than that in normal irrigation area with a decrease of 4.19%. Using drought resistance coefficient, drought resistance index and improved drought resistance index, combined with the growth period, disease resistance and grain commodity, the varieties recommended for Hulunbeier are Beidou 14, Heihe 50, Heihe 43, Huajiang 3, Dengke 1, Mengdou 15, Beidou 37, Heihe 36 and Beidou 38.